Study On Anthography Of The Operatic Circle In Qing Dynasty

Anthography of the operatic circle in Qing dynasty refers to the literary works commenting on operatic actors from aspects of appearance,artistry,spirit,status,etc.written by literati.Since they occur in the era characterized by intimating with actors,catamite and prevalence of male homosexuality,the writings are filled with taste of banter and game,which disobeys the expectations of traditional Chinese literati for"moral articles".Therefore,they hardly obtain attention.In Qing Dynasty,there are large numbers of anthographis.However,most are lost during the Republic of China for their uniqueness and the rapid changes in social thought,academic fashion,cultural psychology,etc.Nevertheless,the writing,publication,reading and spreading of anthography of the operatic circle are associated with many sides of operatic ecology.They are precious materials with special values for researching literary art,culture and society of Qing Dynasty.Based on the study achievements of previous researchers,this paper conducted stereoscopic research with multi-angle and multi-hierarchy on anthography of the operatic circle in Qing dynasty.From perspective of interdisciplinary research,it adopted methods of combining literature with history and interdiscipline,taking anthographies of the operatic circle in Qing dynasty as object.It was to reveal their literary and cultural values,thus affording new materials and new horizons for operatic history writing,literary study and cultural investigation of Qing Dynasty.Focusing on this central thesis,this paper is summarized as follows:Anthography of the operatic circle is sorted and arranged in Chapter 1 from the perspective of document arrangement.This paper undertakes classification and carding on the existing operatic historic materials of Qing Dynasty,centering on 2 rules,namely anthography of the operatic circle taking operatic actors of Qing Dynasty as writing objects and being compiled with category style.It holds that anthography of the operatic circle mainly remains as special books,articles in issues and maps and conducted brief introduction on it.Meanwhile,those anthography works are carded with a little information mentioned yet without a complete book for spreading.We try to recur real scene of anthography creation in Qing Dynasty to the maximum extent.Chapter 2 expounds causes of the rise of operatic circle anthography in Qing Dynasty.Anthography is a derivative of operatic development in Qing Dynasty,with the flourishingly developed operatic environment as its practical soil.Besides,the prevailing tradition of "intimating with actors" since Ming Dynasty makes literati of Qing Dynasty as subject for creating operatic circle anthography,who are lost in peregrinate,dinner party,singing and praising themselves as elegance.Literati’s"shijiufengliu" is presented by intimating with operatic actors,praising these actors as"flower protectors".Simultaneously,the entertainment industry supplies abundant writing materials,wide market and readers for anthography of operatic circle,which rises in mid-Qing Dynasty themed by male consuming such as "Dachawei" and"Xianggongtangzi".In addition,interest simulations from commercial performances,inscribing,publishment,etc.commonly inspire the creation of operatic circle anthography in Qing Dynasty.From perspective of close reading,Chapter 3 explains literary and stylistic characteristics of operatic circle anthography in Qing Dynasty.It reveals the basic features,evolution history,literary stylistic zeitgeist and spreading influences of this writing form with "literature class" meanings,affirming its literary values.Anthography of operatic circle has features of "appreciating" literature.But there are evident differences between it and conventional appreciating literature in appreciation objects and angles,so that the "appreciation aesthetics" form with era features.Meanwhile,appreciating and writing about people have some laws to follow in anthographies.Nonetheless,this writing pattern varies with openness and flexibility,developing along the direction tending complexity and vulgarity.Chapter 4 confirms the documentation values of operatic circle anthography in terms of exploring and collecting historic materials in it.Centering on anthography in operatic circle,many artistic morphology and development status are covered including changes of operatic acoustic cavity genre,composition,continuation and revolution of theatrical troupes,actors’ cultivation and life,operatic review and stage performance,etc.On this basis,topics are discussed related with operatic literature and art.According to basic theories and methods of "literary sociology",chapter 5 takes operatic circle anthographies in Qing Dynasty as a whole and brings them into the large frame of society and culture in Qing Dynasty.Operatic circle anthographies are closely related with social psychology,cultural customs,political policies and urban economy,etc.Therefore,many types of complicated questions are hidden.For example,the fact that purposes of literati’s creating anthographies change reflects the diversity of literati’s collective identity recognition in Qing Dynasty and transitions of their social status.Furthermore,transitions and new changes are predicted in social culture of late-Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,such as current-event dramas played on the stage in late-Qing Dynasty,changes of audience’s appreciating taste,construction of new-fashioned theaters,and improvement of actors’status presented in anthographies.