A Research On Causative Semantic Category In Mandarin Chinese

The Causative is a common semantic type in languages,as well as in Mandarin Chinese.Looking at The Causative from the perspective of daily experience is more intuitive than looking at it from the perspective of various theories.The dual events analysis model is an important analytical tool for the study of complex events.From the definition of ontological scope to the analysis of the characteristics of Causative category,to the analysis of the structure of Causative Category,and finally to the completion of the invocation of the form of discourse according to different communicative intentions to produce communicative meaning.So that's the general process.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,the full text is divided into 5 chapters:Introduction,this part introduces the origin and research significance of the topic,and sorts out the relevant research domestcally and abroadly.It summarizes the research status from the aspects of Causative category,causative semantics,causative expression and causative pragmatics,and points out the existing problems in the current research.In addition,the general idea,research methods and corpus sources of the research are explained.Chapter 1,Natures and Characteristics of Causative category.This chapter explains the view of language held by the research and several concepts and relations that need to be defined in the research,namely The Causative,causative events and causative events and verbs.We focus on defining the connotation of causative category,conceptual representation and other issues,so that the causative category can be narrowed down to the scope of the relationship between two synchronical events and the active causative.From the perspective of events,the difference and connection between the causative category and causal category that may be confused are also distinguished,thus clarifying the boundary of the study.This part also explains the understanding of result elements in single event and compound event.Causative category has behavioral,compound and integral characteristics.Among them,behavioral nature is divided into two parts: significance and implication.Significance mainly excludes the situation that action verbs contain causative result semantically,while implication means that causative result can contain causative relationship in one direction.Complexity is divided into Shared meta-perspective and transitive perspective.The holistic feature means that all the elements of the event should be interpreted within the framework of the Causative Event and cannot be separated from it.Chapter 2: The structural analysis of Causative category.In the part of structural analysis,Causative category is regarded as a Complex Events.Causative Events are divided into two parts: Causative Pre-event and Causative Post-event,and each event is analyzed constructionally and semantically.The Causative Pre-event,which in most cases provides a Causative Expression,is assumed to be an event verb,and the causer of a Causative Pre-event comes from a variety of sources.A Causative Post-event provides Causee and Causative Results.Chapter 3: The manifestation of Causative category(I).Causative relationship is the core element of determining Causative Events.This part explains from three aspects: types of speech forms,levels of linguistic representation and the reality of linguistic representation.It integrates two parts of language expression: word and word combination.In the discourse form type,through the perspective of the event element,the research matches the three possible conditions of Causative Pre-event and the three possible conditions of Causative Post-event,and forms a table of the possible conditions.There are three levels of causative relation representation: lexical level,which mainly refers to verb;At the level of single sentence,it is mainly the combined form of verbs and words.The sentence group level is mainly understood by marker words or paratactic words.In the last section,the representation of the above three levels is elaborated as follows: “make” verbs,the actuative verbs,telescopic form,resultative construction and resultativecombination.Chapter 4: Manifestation of Causative category(II).From the more abstract level of language to gradually realize the form of discourse.The form of discourse is a fragment of conversation taken from actual communication.From the perspective of events,predicates are divided into pre-event source,post-event source and double-event source.The possibility and marketability of their arrangement order were examined with the basic unit of "CauserEvent,Causative Relation,Causee and Causative Result".In 24 possible cases,we find that Causative Relations tend to combine Causative Results,that Causee and Causative Results tend to be expressed in the same place,and that Causer,Causative relations and Causee tend to congregate.Finally,we also find the interconversion between pre-events and post-events and the conversion between single and complex sentences.Chapter 5: The discourse realization mechanism of Causative category.Sentence structure is the result of language user calling the discourse form according to the communicative purpose.Assertion speech ACTS are most closely related to the expression of the Causative.From a static perspective,sentence pattern invocation is mainly from the perspective of old and new information arrangement and Causative Relationship characteristics,and the characteristics of Causative Relationship are divided into self-control perspective,direct and indirect causative perspective and expression conventionalization.The perspective of self-control is divided into the control of causer to causee and causative expression,and the control of causee to causative result.This requires causer and causee to have the attribute of [+ life][+ willing].Compared with the different causative expression types,the causative result of the control pair in a single sentence can be roughly formed as follows: "the actuative verbs> resultative construction> resultative combination > ‘make'verb > telescopic form ".From the dynamic point of view,the expressor chooses the event verb and the causee first,and then produces the selected expression.Under the condition that the truth value is unchanged,the sentence pattern has to adapt to the context according to many factors.The most basic two perspectives are information transmission order and topic coherence.The study of the conclusion starts from the semantic category,from the semantic structure to the discourse representation form,and then to the call of the discourse form.This part summarizes the whole paper,and points out the deficiencies and shortcomings,as well as the directions for further research.