Faunistic Study On The Superfamily Eriophyoidea From The Qinling-Dabashan Region In Shaanxi Province (Acari: Prostigmata)

Eriophyid mites are the second kind of harmful mites infesting on the overground parts of plants, which are arranged to Eriophyoidea(Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Acarifomers, Prostigmata)?It is estimated that more than 4000 species of eriophyoid mites are spreaded worldwide. And there are 1008 species of eriophyoid mites have been reported in China by 2010,which are arranged to 3 families, 10 subfamilies and 199 genera.The Qinling-Dabashan region, located in Southern Shaanxi Province, is consisted of the Qinling Mountains, the Northern Dabashan Mountains, the Han-zhong Basin, the Ankang Basin and so on, where subtropical climate is in the southern Qinling Mountains and warm temperate climate in the northern Qinling Mountains, and the diversity of speices of animal and flora is rich. As a transition zone of the palearctic realm species and the oriental realm species, the Qinling-Dabashan region is a key place to study on fauna, origin and evolution of animal in China.This dissertation deals with taxonomic and fauna on the superfamily Eriophyoidea from the Qinling-Dabashan in Shaanxi Province, and also refers to distribute on pattern. On the other hand, morphology method, cluster analysis method, statistic method are applied in the study.?. Taxonomic section: Based on the results of identifying eriophyid specimens from field investigation and verifying original manuscript, 3 families, 7 subfamilies, 11 tribes, 46 genera and 169 species are recorded, including 38 new species, 3 new records to China and one new combition species. The diagnoses of each family , subfamily, tribe and genus are given, at the same time, the keys to them are provided. The citations and information of the examined materials are provided , too. About 70 species, which their specimens are identified by author, are described and illustrated. 38 new species are: Kuangella wisteriae sp. nov. on Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Swee(tLeguminosae), Glyptacus alatus Xie et Zhu, 2010,on Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. (Celastraceae), Aceria ankangensis sp. nov. on Quercus sp.(Fagaceae), Aceria rhamnia sp. nov. on Rhamnus sp.(Rhamnaceae), Aceria rhis sp. nov. on Rhus potaninii Maxim.(Anacardiaceae), Dichopelmus lotus Xie et Zhu, 2010, on Diospyros kaki Thunb.(Ebenaceae), Shevtchenkella aesculichina Zhu et Xie, 2011,on Aesculus chinensis Bunge.(Hippocastanaceae), Calepitrimerus akebis sp. nov. on Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. ( Lardizabalaceae ) , Calepitrimerus rhus sp. nov. on Rhus chinensis Mill.(Anacardiaceae), Epitrimerus rubus sp.nov. on Rubus sp(.Rosaceae), Leipothrix aralia sp. nov. on Aralia chinensis Linn. ( Araliaceae ) , Leipothrix Chimonae sp. nov. on Chimonanthus praecox (Linn.)Link.(Calycanthaceae), Phyllocoptes argyis sp. nov. on Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van.(Compositae), Abacarus arthraxis sp.nov. on Arthraxon hispidus (Trin.) Makino.(Gramineae), Aculochetus phyllostacher Xie, Zhu et Wei, 2010, on Phyllostachys sp.(Gramineae), Aculops inulius sp. nov. on Inula linariifolia Turcz.(Compositae), Anthocoptes hispidus sp. nov. on Arthraxon hispidus (Trin.) Makino.(Gramineae), Neocymoptus ornapodus Xie, Zhu et Wei, 2010, on Neosinocalamus affinis (Rendle) Keng(Gramineae), Tegolophus desmodii sp. nov.on Desmodium sp(.Leguminosae), Tegolophus hypericus sp. nov. on Hypericum monogynum Linn(.Guttiferae), Tetra bashaniae sp. nov. on Bashania fargesii (E. G. Camus) Keng et Yi(Gramineae), Tetra spicrostrae Xie, Zhu et Wei, 2010, on Phyllostachys sp.(Gramineae), Tetraspinus lucidus sp. nov. on Ligustrum lucidum Ait.(Oleaceae), Apodiptacus aralius sp. nov.on Aralia chinensis Linn.(Araliaceae), Apodiptacus bambus sp. nov. on Phyllostachys sp. (Gramineae), Diptacus cinnamomus sp.nov. on Cinnamomum sp.( Lauraceae), Diptacus formus sp. nov. on Liquidambar formosana Hance.(Hamamelidaceae), Diptacus osmanthus sp. nov. on Osmanthus sp(.Oleaceae), Diptacus praecox sp. nov. on Chimonanthus praecox (Linn.) Link(Calycanthaceae), Diptacus shangzhous sp. nov. on Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G. Don(Rosaceae), Diptacus jinsixius sp. nov. on Sorbus alnifolia ( Sieb et Zucc.)K. Koch.(Rosaceae), Trimeroptes kakius Xie et Zhu ,2010, on Diospyros kaki Thunb.(Ebenaceae ), Trimeroptes seguinis sp. nov. on Castanea seguinii Dode.(Fagaceae ), Rhyncaphytoptus aesculus Zhu et Xie, 2011, on Aesculus chinensis Bunge. ( Hippocastanaceae ) , Rhyncaphytoptu zhashuiensis sp.nov. on Quercus variabilis Blume ( Fagaceae ) , Rhyncaphytoptus monois sp. nov. on Acer mono Maxim(Aceraceae), Rhyncaphytoptus picrasmus sp. nov. on Picrasma quassioides (D.Don)Benn.( Simarubaceae), Rhyncaphytoptus australis sp. nov. on Morus australis Poir.(Moraceae).Three new record to China are Calepitrimerus cariniferus Keifer, 1938, on Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. (Celastraceae)and Artemisia sp. (Compositae), Shevtchenkella aesculifoliae(Keifer,1938)on Aesculus chinensis Bunge.(Hippocastanaceae), and Trimeroptes rubi Bagdasarian, 1976, on Sorbus alnifolia ( Sieb et Zucc.)K. Koch(.Rosaceae).One new combination species is Shevtchenkella humuli ( Xue,Song et Hong, 2005) on Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr.(Moraceae).?. Fauna component:1. According to the worldwide annimal fauna, author found:At genera level, the proportion of dispersed genera is dominant ,and the next is endemic components, and the third is Palearctic components, and Oriental components is lowest. Five endemic genera are Paraphetehaburus, Calvittacus, Cereusacarus ,Cuihuacarus, shaanxicarus?At species level, the proportion of the endemic species is dominant, and the next is the palaearctic species, and the third is oriental species and the proportion of dispersedspecies is lowest.It is a principal character that the endemic species predominate over the fauna component in the Qinling-Dabashan region.2. According to the Chinese annimal fauna, author found:At species level, the proportion of the North-China components(50.8%) is dominant, and that of the Center-China components(43.7%)is second, and that of the North-East components(34.3%) is third, and that of the Mongolia-Xijiang components(11%)is fourth, that of the South-China components(9.6%) is fifth, and that of the South-West components(5.4%) is sixth, but the Qinghai-Xizang components is missing.On the other hand, the Qinling-Dabashan region species shows the close affiliation with those in the North-China region and the Center-China region, and shows the close affiliation with those in Henan Province (with sympatric species occuping 15%) and Gansu Province (with sympatric species occuping 12%), too. But the Qinling-Dabashan region species shows the alienation with those in Hubei Province, Sichuan Province, and Shanxi Province.?Geographical distribution pattern:1. Through calculated the proximity matrix and used cluster analysis, according to the result of cluster analysis, author suggests that the geographical region of the eriophyoidea in the Qinling-Dabashan region in Shaanxi be divided into 3 sub-regions:The Northern Qinling sub-region(abbr. NQSR), including Chang'an district of Xi'an city, Zhouzhi county , is made up of middle mountains and high mountains, with warm temperate, semi-moist, monsoon climate,and brown soil, and broadleaved and deciduous forest community . The palearctic species of eriophyoid mites here is dominant.The Southern Qinling sub-region(abbr. SQSR), including Ningshan county, Foping county ,Yang county and Ankang city , is consist with basins, hills, lower mountains, with subtropics, moist, monsoon climate , and yellowish-brown soil, and broadleaved and deciduous forest with evergreen plants. The endemic species is dominant.the Dabash sub-region (abbr. DBSR), including Ziyang county, Langao county , Zhenping county , and Pingli county, is formed with lower and middle mountains, with subtropics, moist, monsoon climate,and dry-ash brown soil, and broadleaved forest and broadleaved and deciduous forest, and bamboo forests are widely distributed. Here Orients components firstly outnumber palearctic components.2. Palearctic components in the NQSR is dominated over, and endemic components preponderate in the SQSR,and the orients components is in excess of the palearctic components in the DBSR.According to 20.9 percent of palearctic species in the NQSR decreased to 18.6 percent of those in the SQSR , and 7.9 percent of oriental species in the SQSR decreased to 5.1 precent of those in the NQSR, it suggests that the baarier of the Qinling Mounts is happened here.As the baarier of the Qinling Mounts, the proportion of the palearctic species reduced by 2.3% and that of the oriental species reduced by 2.8%, it is trustworthy that the barrier of the Qinling mountains to oriental species is stronger lightly than to palearctic species.4. According to statistics of eriophyid mites in elevation 300m-1500m and above 1500m, It is obvious that the vertical distribution of eriophyoid mites is affected by elevation. The oriental species in lower elevation ( below 600m) is dominated, and the palearctic species in lower and middle elevation(300m-1200m)is dominated, and endemic species in middle elevation (600m-1200m) is at most, and dispersed species in high elevation(1200m-1500m and above 1500m) preponderate over others.5. With rise of elevation, the proportion of oriental species descend acutely, but the proportion of palearctic species and endemic species descends gradually, it suggests that the high elevation repression to the oriental species is stronger than that to the palearctic species.As an exceptional case, the proportion of dispersed species shows rising trend with the rise of elevation.6. Fauna of eriophyid mites in elevation 300m-900m is complicated.?Distribution of endemic species1. With the analysis of diversity of endemic species in 15 collected locations, author found:89 endemic species are arranged to 2 families 6 supfamilies 33 genera. Among them, 4 supfamilies 26 genera 66 species are arranged to the family Eriophyidae, and 2 subfamilies 7 genera 23 species belong to the family Diptilomiopidae. The genus Tetra with 12 endemic species, occuping 18.2% of the endemic species of Eriophyidae, is at most in the Eriophyidae. The genus Diptacus with 8 endemic species, occuping 34.8% of the endemic species of Diptilomiopidae, is dominated in the Diptilomiopidae.2. In accordance with the statistics date ( Table 5-16), author makes the following summaries:To endemic species in the Qinling-Dabashan region, Chang'an district of Xi'an city , with 2 families and 4 subfamilies 10 genera (including 3 endemic genera) and 13 species, is a key place in the Northern Qinling mounts; and Yang county , with 2 families and 3 subfamilies 14 gener ( including 3 endemic genera) and 18 species, is a key plance in the Southern Qinling mounts; and Shangnan County, with 2 families and 3 subfamilies 11 gener 15 species, is a key place in the center of Qinling mountains; and Zhenping county , with 2 families and 4 subfamilies 4 gener 4 species, is a key place in the Northern Dabashan mounts.Taken as a whole, Yang county , to eriophyid fauna, is a key place in the Qinling-Dabash region .