Research On The Regulation And Control Of Urban Green Space In Macao For Ecosystem Services Optimization

In the 20 years since Macao's return to the motherland,urban has developed rapidly,reclamation and land reclamation projects have continued,significant increases in construction land and bare land,and rapid urbanization has continued to press urban ecological space,affecting the quality of Macao's living environment.The area affected by the heat island effect in Macao has increased gradually since 1995.Too many people have been exposed to the regional environment above 65 db,the natural coastline has decreased sharply,and some wetlands have disappeared.It is prone to occur during extreme weather such as storm surges and waterlogging.The service pressure of urban open space keeps increasing,and people have a high demand for the quantity and function of urban green space.Based on the cross-study of landscape architecture and ecology,this paper takes the 30.87km~2effective range of the Macao peninsula and outlying island as the research object,and comparatively studies the spatial and temporal changes of land use,green space and ecosystem service response in the two phases of 2001 and 2017.The results show that the expansion of urban land has not brought about a simultaneous increase in the value of ecosystem services.The existing land and green space utilization patterns need to be optimized and improved.The study selected nine ecosystem services,such as water conservation,rain and flood regulation,heat island regulation,soil and water conservation,climate regulation(carbon sequestration),noise reduction,coastal protection,leisure and recreation,landscape aesthetics,used and built appropriate methods to achieve supply and demand assessment and spatial mapping of ecosystem services in 2017.The results show that the imbalance of green space distribution leads to the polarization of the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services,the peninsula is in serious deficit and the supply of outlying islands exceeds demand.Based on supply and demand assessment,further studies between various services,services and land use,the association between green space related indicators,to clarify the coupling between the service and supply,demand side.Finally,based on the analysis of supply and demand matching,trade-offs and synergy,through the multi-dimensional scale of cities,sub-districts(lots)and the protection,renewal,and construction of urban green space,an optimization and regulation strategy is proposed.It also evaluated the optimization benefits and explored reasonable development models and scenarios.Through optimization benefit simulation,it was found that after optimization,the coverage rate of various types of ecosystem services has been improved.The improvement degree of each sub-region of the peninsula is concentrated between0 and 10%,and the improvement degree of outlying islands is concentrated between 10%and 100%.In a scenario simulation,the overall efficiency of ecosystem services in each subregion has been improved,and the excellent rate of ecological services has increased from about 20-30%to 40-50%as a whole.It can be clearly found that optimizing the layout and structure of green space according to the difference between supply and demand,regulating the function,type and proportion of green space,is an effective way to improve the ecosystem service function of urban green space,manage and allocate green resources scientifically,intensively and efficiently,and achieve sustainable urban development.