The Study On Landscape Of Western And Northern Area Satates Based On Western Zhou Bronzes Inscription

Object of this paper is research on the Western Zhou Dynasty Bangguo邦国geography in Bronze Inscriptions.Bang邦was used commonly in Western Zhou,which means a political entity with core consanguinity people,Guo国refers to the area,which means state in politic after the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.The term Bangguo is an inclusive combination of the actual connotation in Western Zhou and the modern political concept of state.The research using inscriptions and archaeological discoveries,Sorting out geographical records in ducments,and ethnic groups surrounds them.The study on Bangguo is contribute to understanding the Western Zhou political system and administrative regionalization before Qin Han.The work limited in north erea of Zongzhou–Chengzhou宗周-成周and western erea of ancient Yellow River.The article dividing the western and north areas into seven units according to topography,each unit as a chapter.The first chapter is Jing river area,Mi is discoveried in oracle bones and inscription,established in Ling tai before the Zhou Dynasty,dominating traffic in Daxi Valley.The character be interpreted as hei潶or jing泾were all not right,()be interpreted as shen申maybe is right,they are be friendly to Zhou whose identity were Shang adherents.The ancestors of used to be a king,surrendered to Zhou.Shen申and Lv吕are descendantsof Jiang姜tribe,living in the northwest area and migrated to Nanyang南阳Basin at the late Zhou.Character be interpreted as zeng缯has not been certified.Interpreting as Bin豳was right,Bin is an important military location.The second chapter include Qin秦and Yu夨,located in both sides of Long mountains,Qin was forced migratied from Shandong by Cheng king,As a result of their ancestor joined with Yin adherents armed rebellion,the city cite nearby Li country礼县would be Xichui西陲and Quanqiu犬丘,Liya李崖cite nearby Qingshui country清水县would be fiefdom of Feizi非子named Qin.Yu is a powerful tribe settle in Qian汧river valley,Yu夨could be interpretated as Yu虞,also has the tile of king,shown its political status is special.The third chapter,West Guo 虢 nearby Baoji is branch of elder and younger brother of Wen king,and branch into several descendants,they migrated to Shan 陕 at last。Yuis foreigner came from the southwest area,once be friendly with Zhou but estranged from it.The fourth chapter,Wuzhong无终tribe lived nearby Yellow River between Shanxi and Shaanxi at the time of Yinxu殷墟second to third phase,has close contact with Yin,after settled in Taiyuan basin neaby Jin,and then migrated to Dai代,at Yu蔚country in Hebei province.Liang梁is a descendant of Qi Xianggong秦襄公,also his named Qinzhong秦仲,the task of Liang is defending barbarians in the north.Rui芮was once the most powerful state before Jin and Qin occupy west bank district of the Yellow River,Liangdai梁带village was the last settlement place of Rui,the place before this has not been found yet.The character and could be interpreted as Han韩,the first lord of Han is Wu king’s son,Han maybe located at Hejin河津country nearby lower Fen river.The states in fifth chapter are within Shanxi province,Yang’s杨first lord is Xuan king’s son,Yang was established in late Zhou,which intention is defending Xianyun玁狁from northern Taiyuan basin.The Shu(疏)is a noble of the previous dynasty,living in Tang shu yu’s唐叔虞territory,his wife Yao is also a descendant from ancient Di帝like Yao尧and Shun舜.Tang shu yu was enfeoffed in Tang which between Fen and Hui river district initially,then his son selltled in Jin,has been excavated in TianmaQucun天马-曲村.Around Jin,The archaeologist have found that there have Peng倗(冯),Ba霸,and another tribe,they are maybe Huai xing jiu zong怀姓九宗,nine consanguineous tribes from Huai,they are king’s people and also under Jin’s ruling.Xun荀is also Wu king’s son,entitled marquis Hou,living in Linyi临猗country nearby Su涑river,control the traffic lines from Zongzhou to Jin,and was taken over by Jin’s branch.Yu虞was descendants of Wu Zhongyong吴仲雍,located in a flat district above Zhongtiao mountains,north of Pinglu,which aims at control the traffic line between Jin and Chengzhou in Luoyang.In the sixth chapter,Guzhu孤竹living around Yan燕mountains in late Shang to early Zhou,same clan with Shang king,numerous buried bronzes excavated in Cazuo喀左and so many archaeological culture nearby is a reflection of complex historical background,at the same time in central China,the Zhou have conquered Shang.Yan first selltled at Liuli river琉璃河,was neighbors with Ji蓟,In mid Zhou,Yan occupied Ji as its capital,Yan located in frontier communicate with other peoples living in northeast area.Beizi北子and Beibo北伯bronzes excavated in Laishui涞水in Qing danasty,has no relationship with Beizi bronzes excavated in Jiangling江陵,Hubei province,the latter was casted locally.The seventh chapter including states between Taihang太行mountains and ancient Yellow River.Qi軝was a military lord nearby Huai river槐河,which its ancient name is Qi泜,the task of Qi is help Xing邢to defend barbarians from west of Taihang mountains.Xing was established at Jing state井方in Shang danasty,located in Xingtai邢台,Xing has no relationship with Xingqiu邢丘in Wen country,Henan province.Xing undertaking the task of defend the north barbarians,some bronzes could prove that.The Li黎was written as Kai楷in inscriptions,established after the king of Wen or Wu conquered Qi耆,a state of Shang,the first lord of Li is duke of Bi毕’s son,the task of Li is defending barbarians in the Taihang mountains.The first lord of Kang康is Wu king’s younger brother,was enfeoffed at Kangqiu康丘managing Yin adherents,the inscriptions shown that Kang changed its name to Wei卫maybe in middle Zhou,this events probably be related to Yi夷King order Qing顷as hou侯.Fan凡and Zuo胙were both begats from Duke of Zhou,located at Henei河内,a district between south Taihang太行mountains and Yellow River.The eighth chapter has divided the north and west destrict into seven units based on river and mountains,described every unit’s landscape,introduced the traffic lines between different units,these traffic lines combined the netwok of Zhou,concentrate on Zongzhou and Chengzhou as its center.Upstream valley areas of Jing river as borderland of Zhou,different ethnic groups living in this district,like Yin adherents,Siwa寺洼culture peoples,barbarians,and people of Zhou.After middle of Zhou,this buffer zone be destroyed because of some resons,result that Zhou under Xianyun’s invading.The groups living in north in Shang danasty shaped geopolitics of Zhou,states’ebtalished were based on this factors.The ninth chapter is history of Zhou and its states,The Zhou was created with states assists.Maintained stable for a long time,some adjustments be taken according to the changes of geopolitics.There are still have barbarian peoples like Huaiyi淮夷and Xianyun,do not surrender and made great hreat to Zhou.The states could only defend against their invasion but can not conquer them.The appendix includes two maps about states’ location,another is an inscription classification table belongs to each state’s.