Research On The Influence Mechanism And Guidance Strategy Of Work Safety Behavior Of Micro And Small Enterprises In High-risk Industries

As an important new force in China’s economic and social development,micro and small enterprises play an important role in promoting the transformation of industrial structure,optimizing,improving people’s livelihood and increasing employment rate.Compared with large and medium-sized enterprises,micro and small enterprises are the most active group in China’s economy,but also the most vulnerable group.For a long time,the input of work safety of micro and small enterprises is rather limited or even far from enough.The owners of micro and small enterprises with decision-making power have a fluky attitude towards work safety,which leads to accidents of work safety.In recent ten years,China’s work safety situation has continued to improve steadily.But the frequent occurrence of major accidents in work safety in high-risk industries such as coal production,transportation,construction,dangerous goods production and storage have not yet been effectively contained,harmfully and chain destructively.Even though the government supervision departments have been increasing their supervision efforts,"accident occurrence-inspection and rectificationshutdown" has become our government’s usual practice in handling production safety accidents,and it is difficult for the control measures to contain accidents at the source.In addition,the micro and small enterprises with weak work safety strength want to achieve the work safety standard,and most of them rely on the work safety service organizations.But the supply and demand of the work safety service market are both low,and the service level of the service agencies is generally on the low side.Obviously,the external restraint condition and limited resource support have caused one kind of pure passive restraint behavior of the micro and small enterprise’s work safety behavior in high-risk industries.It is the key question of this paper how to transform the passive restraint behavior into the active work safety behavior,analyze its internal mechanism and guide strategy.Firstly,based on the theory of planned behavior,stakeholder theory,resource dependence theory,information asymmetry theory,and CAS theory,it is preliminary studied the work safety of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries and analyzed the background too,using literature review,field research,in-depth interviews,etc.and based on crawling web to get text data using Python software and LDA thematic model method.Secondly,based on expanding the theory of planned behavior,it is put forward a series of hypotheses,and constructed a conceptual model for the formation of work safety behavior of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries.Using structural equation modeling(SEM),it is made an empirical study on the utility and intrinsic mechanism of influencing factors.It is pointed out that "the lucky psychology+ the limited resource" is the root of the passive work safety behavior of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries.Thirdly,it is taken the identified social binding force as the social background to guide the micro and small enterprises to realize the safe production behavior as the research direction,and delineated the attributes and behavior rules of the three main bodies,the micro and small enterprises,the government supervision department,and the safe production service organization,and constructed a computational experimental model for the formation of work safety in micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries.Fourthly,four simulation experiments are carried out in Netlogo software platform to simulate the evolution of safe production behavior in micro and small enterprises based on the theory of agent based modeling(ABM).Finally,combined with the results of empirical analysis and simulation,it is provided a social environment of policy restriction and resource support for micro and small enterprises from the two levels of government and service organization,and put forward a series of strategies to guide enterprises to realize positive production safety behavior.The research conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Introducing the theme model of LDA and stakeholder theory,it is comprehensively identified the participants and influencing factors of work safety behavior of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries.It is analyzed the Baidu web page text data and generated the word cloud map,and extracted the subjects and feature words using Python language and LDA theme model.Starting from four aspects of enterprise,government,service organization and social binding force,the paper tries to identify the main body and main influencing factors of work safety in micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries.(2)Considering the risk characteristics of risk sources in high-risk industries,it is studied the work safety attitude of micro and small enterprise owners who have decision-making power,thus extended the traditional planned behavior theory model.The internal mechanism of work safety behavior in micro and small enterprises is studied and the key factors are identified.This paper mainly investigates nearly 600 micro and small enterprises in seven high-risk industries in Jiangsu Province,including construction engineering,production transportation,storage of dangerous goods,noncoal mining,machinery manufacturing,fireworks production,and metallurgy,and so on.Then 445 valid questionnaires are collected and data processing and analysis are conducted,so as to empirically analyze the decision-making process of work safety behavior of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries.It can be found the following results: It is an important way to reduce the unsafe production behavior of micro and small enterprises by changing the behavior attitude of the enterprise owners which directly affects the intention of work safety;Subjective norms not only have direct impact on behavioral intention,but also have indirect impact on behavioral intention through behavioral attitude,and play a part of intermediary role,its overall impact is the greatest.The enterprise peripheral main body put forward the restriction condition to the micro and small enterprise’s work safety,and put forward the standard requests to the behavior attitude and behavior intention of the work safety;Perceived behavior control is the effective supply of resources for work safety behavior in micro and small enterprises.It positively affects the intention of work safety behavior from three dimensions: internal strength resources,service organization support resources and government support resources,in particular,the internal strength resources of enterprises play a major role in the promotion of work safety;The behavior habits formed by enterprises for a long time has a direct effect on the behavior attitude of enterprises towards work safety,but it does not affect the behavior intention directly,but acts on the behavior intentions through the intermediary function of behavior attitude.The standardization of the behavior habits of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries,especially the past behavior of enterprises,is more likely to change the attitude of enterprise owners toward work safety;The negative correlation between risk awareness and behavioral intention indicates that firms with strong risk appetite are more likely to violate regulations.Although the influence degree is the weakest,the risk consciousness is an effective supplementary variable of the behavior influence mechanism model;Safety management,safety training and safety prevention are the three dimensions of the work safety behavior which are affected by the behavior intention in micro and small enterprises.The decision-making of enterprise owners affects the choice of work safety behavior,and realize the work safety behavior of the enterprises.Based on the characteristics of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries,the risk ideology of enterprise owners plays a positive role in the formation of safety consciousness.Under the combined effect of Internal Production Safety Resources,external government supervision,service support and social constraints,there are three kinds of behavior results: service-type work safety behavior,independent work safety behavior and unsafe production behavior.Further analysis shows that the formation of the behavior is restricted by four key factors,such as the strength of enterprise work safety resources,the supervision of government safety supervision departments,the degree of government service subsidy,and the service level of service organizations.(3)Based on the theory of agent modeling(ABM),it is constructed a computational experimental model for the evolution of work safety behavior of micro and small enterprises in high-risk industries,and is described the evolution process of work safety behavior under different resource and environment and its macroscopic "emergent" effect and dynamic regularity by adjusting four situation variables: the strength level of enterprise work safety resources,the strength of government supervision,the standard of government service subsidy,and the service level of service organization.After an in-depth analysis of the formation mechanism of work safety behavior,the mechanism of work safety behavior intention is condensed from the four dimensions: enterprise,supervision department of government,service organization and social binding force.It is formed three kind of behavior results: service type work safety behavior,the independent type work safety behavior and the unsafe production behavior.(4)Using the Netlogo simulation experimental platform,four scenarios were defined to simulate the evolution of work safety behavior of micro and small enterprises,and the results are as follows: When the external supervision and support resources are at a low level,more enterprises gradually change their attitude towards work safety,and are willing to increase input in work safety and choose work safety behavior with the increase of the strength of work safety resources.However,if the level of service provided by the service organization is too low,the enterprises are more inclined to the independent work safety behavior;With the increase of work safety supervision,the consciousness of enterprises actively seeking work safety behavior is strengthening to increase work safety input and improve work safety level.However,when the supervision is too strong and the punishment is too big,the proportion of enterprises’ work safety behavior does not increase but decreases because of their limited funds.Therefore,the government needs to control the intensity of regulation;As regulation by the government,enterprises hope to achieve safety in production by obtaining government subsidies for services.Particularly,some micro and small enterprises which have the intention to achieve work safety with limited funds,the increase of government subsidies for services will play a good supporting role,but it is necessary to properly control the intensity of subsidies;When the service organization provides the low quality service,the enterprise,which has the stronger work safety consciousness and the more production resources,is more willing to choose the independent work safety behavior.the enterprise,which lacks the work safety consciousness,has the fluke psychology to carry out the unsafe production behavior.With the improvement of service level,enterprises will purchase high-level work safety services in order to obtain more professional and technical services to help enterprises meet the standards,so the number of enterprises that choose to implement service-style work safety behavior will grow rapidly.