| Northeast black soil area as a main producing area of grain,its fertile black land is important.Due to the unreasonable farming system,in recent years,the black soil fertility overdraft,farmland function degradation,threatening the national food security and ecological security.In 2016,the former Ministry of Agriculture and other departments proposed to carry out pilot cultivation rotation in the cold and cool areas of Northeast China,and to subsidize the rotation.In fact,the subsidy for the rotation of cultivated land in the northeast black soil area is only the ecological compensation for the protection of black land.As a matter of fact,the subsidy of cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil area is only ecological compensation for protecting black land.The General Secretary also stressed at the Central Rural Conference that "the black land should be used well and cultivated well",the core of which is to build a scientific and reasonable crop rotation system.Therefore,it is an important benefit regulation and incentive mechanism to implement ecological compensation system of cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil area.In addition,agriculture in northeast black soil region is in an important period of transformation and development,and the original cropping rotation system has been destroyed.The late development of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation in the northeast black soil region leads to some prominent problems in the current ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation,which makes the implementation of the policy of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation less effective.Based on the above background,this paper explores the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation in Northeast black soil region from the perspective of multi-subject collaborative participation,which has important theoretical research value and practical significance for improving and constructing feasible ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation.This study designed the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation from the perspective of multi-subject cooperation.Firstly,this paper constructs the theoretical research framework of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation under the cooperation of multiple subjects.Secondly,this paper defines the subject of ecological compensation and the subject of compensation for cultivated land rotation under the cooperation of multiple subjects.Thirdly,this paper discusses the ecological compensation standard and compensation method of cultivated land rotation under the cooperation of multiple subjects.Fourthly,combined with the survey data and statistical data,this paper uses entropy-weight TOPSIS model,obstacle degree model,game model,regression model,opportunity cost method,ecological compensation quantification method and other empirical methods to analyze the northeast black soil region as an example.Firstly,this paper evaluates the implementation status and performance of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil area.Secondly,this paper analyzes the factors influencing the willingness of multiple subjects to participate in the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil region.Thirdly,this paper calculates the ecological compensation standard of cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil area under the cooperation of multiple subjects.Then,this paper explores the multiple subjects’ preferences and influencing factors of ecological compensation methods for cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil region.Finally,based on the above research,this paper made relevant policy suggestions on improving the ecological compensation system of cultivated land rotation in the northeast black soil area.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The implementation status of ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil region is the realistic demand of constructing ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation.By analyzing the status quo and performance of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation in northeast black soil region,this paper found that the implementation of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation would produce certain social economic and ecological effects.However,there are still a series of problems in ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation,such as single compensation subject,low compensation standard and "one-size-fits-all","blood transfusion" compensation,compensation funds are insufficient,lack of effective supervision and so on.These problems have affected the implementation effect of the ecological compensation policy of cultivated land rotation,which has become the realistic need to study the construction and improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation in the black soil area of northeast China.(2)Balancing the interests of multiple subjects is the core of constructing the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation under the cooperation of multiple subjects.The multiple interest game behaviors among stakeholders of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation show that,according to the existing institutional arrangement,due to the inability to mediate the conflicts among different stakeholders,there will be interest imbalance among various subjects in the process of interest game,which cannot satisfy the interest demands of different subjects and cannot achieve the results of ecological protection of cultivated land rotation.In order to balance the interests of multiple subjects,we should construct the ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation based on the interest inducement and establish the interest regulation mechanism from the perspective of rational economic man.Firstly,ecological compensation should be given to ordinary farmers and new management subjects who implement ecological protection of cultivated land rotation.Secondly,we should give some compensation to the local government that undertakes the cultivated land protection area.Thirdly,raise the compensation standard of damaged cultivated land,solve the contradiction between economic development and cultivated land protection;Fourth,strengthen the supervision and punishment of non-rotation behavior;Finally,we will appropriately raise the prices of grain and other major agricultural products and the amount of agricultural support and protection subsidies.(3)This study shows that the subject of compensation has a high willingness to receive,while the subject of compensation has a relatively low willingness to pay.The results of the questionnaire survey on the stakeholders related to cropland rotation in the black soil region of Northeast China showed that the respondents have a high willingness to participate in ecological compensation for cropland rotation,which is 82.95%.Further analysis shows that the compensation object’s willingness to receive compensation is high,reaching 90.31%,and the average lowest willingness to receive compensation is [200,300)yuan,which is higher than the current compensation standard.However,the compensation subject’s willingness to pay is relatively low,only 62.71%.The average highest willingness to pay is [100,200)yuan,which has a small gap with the current compensation standard.This is because most respondents believe that compensation should be borne by the government.When personal interests are lost,they choose to avoid risks and are less willing to pay.(4)Based on the empirical analysis of the willingness of multiple subjects to participate in the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation in the northeast black soil region,this paper shows that the degree of trust and identity of the compensation subjects to the ecological compensation policy of cultivated land rotation significantly affects the willingness of the compensation subjects to participate in the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation.The subject’s gender,age,family labor force,family income source,the quality of cultivated land in the region,the importance of improving the quality of cultivated land,and the degree of understanding and trust in the compensation policy of cultivated land rotation significantly affected the subject’s willingness to participate in the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation.However,the gender,age,education level,occupation type,family income and other variables of the subject had no significant effect on the willingness of the subject to participate in the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation.The subject’s education level,occupation type,family income level and other variables also have no significant impact on the subject’s willingness to participate in the ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation.Therefore,we should strengthen the publicity of ecological compensation policies for cultivated land rotation,and stimulate the willingness and enthusiasm of multiple subjects to participate in ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation.(5)Scientific estimation of the ecological compensation standard of cultivated land rotation is the key to improving the enthusiasm of ecological protectors of cultivated land rotation and realizing regional sustainable development.Therefore,from the perspective of compensation subject,this study calculates that the ecological compensation standard of land rotation in northeast black soil area is 137.29 yuan/mu by using the quantitative method of ecological compensation,and from the perspective of compensation subject,it calculates that the ecological compensation standard of land rotation in Northeast black soil area is 284.41 yuan/mu by using the opportunity cost method.However,the determination of compensation standard should take into account both the opportunity cost of crop rotation and the willingness to be compensated,as well as the value of ecosystem services and the willingness to pay.In this paper,the ecological compensation standard of cultivated land rotation in the northeast black soil area is 210.85 yuan per mu based on the comprehensive model of ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation.It can be seen that the compensation standard determined from the perspective of multi-subject collaboration is conducive to satisfying the demands of different interest subjects and promoting the smooth implementation of the ecological compensation policy of cultivated land rotation.(6)Choosing appropriate and reasonable compensation methods is not only beneficial to meet the development needs of each recipient,but also conducive to improving the use efficiency of ecological compensation funds for cultivated land rotation.The regression results showed that the rotation compensation method of cash and kind was substitutive,while the rotation compensation method of loan preference and technical guidance was complementary.Compared with cash compensation,if the family members of the subject of compensation have received various skills training,they are more inclined to choose the method of providing technical guidance.However,if the family members have not received various vocational skills and employment training,the probability of choosing to offer loans is higher.The higher the household income level,the more inclined to choose in-kind compensation and loan preferential way.The better the quality of cultivated land contracted by households,the greater the probability of choosing technical guidance compensation method.Whether the subject family has received the compensation of cultivated land rotation and choose the compensation in kind and provide the preferential way of loan has a significant negative effect.Whether the government has publicized the ecological compensation policy of cultivated land rotation has a significant positive effect on the selection of loan concessions and technical guidance compensation methods.The lower the recognition degree of the subject of compensation to the cultivated land rotation increase and income,the higher the probability of choosing the kind compensation method.However,the subject’s gender,age,education level,family labor force and other variables had no significant influence on the subject’s preference for ecological compensation of cultivated land rotation.(7)The construction of long-term ecological compensation mechanism and security system of cultivated land rotation is the key to the long-term operation and security of ecological compensation mechanism of cultivated land rotation.This paper holds that the establishment of long-term mechanism of ecological compensation for cultivated land rotation under the cooperation of multiple subjects mainly includes publicity and guidance mechanism,scientific management mechanism,interest coordination mechanism and benefit evaluation mechanism.This paper holds that the construction of ecological compensation system of cultivated land rotation under the cooperation of multiple subjects mainly includes organizational security system,legal security system,fund security system and supervision security system.All systems are interrelated to form an organic whole and promote the realization of ecological compensation target of cultivated land rotation. |
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