Supply Chain Emission Reduction Strategy Based On Differential Game Under Government Subsidy And Carbon Tax

With the proposal of the "dual carbon" goal,the Chinese government has increasingly attached importance to energy conservation and emission reduction.Therefore,the impact of different subsidies and carbon tax policies implemented by the government on the carbon reduction strategies of supply chain enterprises and the corresponding dynamic patterns of carbon emissions are worth studying.Unlike existing literature,this article not only considers the impact of government implemented subsidy policies or carbon tax policies on supply chain emissions reduction,but also considers the comprehensive policy of government implementing carbon tax plus subsidies and the implementation of tiered carbon taxes.In addition,in this study,considering the actual production activities and emission patterns,the carbon emission reduction level of supply chain enterprises is a dynamic decision,and carbon emissions exhibit a certain dynamic change pattern.This paper uses differential game theory to build a two-stage supply chain emission reduction Decision model and a remanufacturing supply chain emission reduction Decision model,respectively,to study the impact of government subsidies and carbon tax policies on low-carbon supply chain dynamic emission reduction strategies.The aim is to provide theoretical reference for the formulation of government energy-saving and emission reduction policies,and to provide management suggestions for enterprise production and emission reduction investment.The research work arrangement of this article is as follows:Firstly,analyze the research background and significance of this article,and summarize the current research status of supply chain emission reduction strategies under non-government participation,government subsidy policies,government carbon tax policies,and supply chain emission reduction strategies based on differential games.Propose the research content,ideas,and methods of this article,and elaborate on the research innovation points of this article;Finally,we study the situation of low-carbon supply chain emission reduction decision-making under different government policies,and respectively build:(1)a two-level supply chain differential game model of Decentralized decision-making,cost sharing cooperative decision-making and centralized decision-making without government participation;(2)A two-level supply chain differential game model with government subsidies for supply chain enterprises,individual subsidies for one party,and centralized subsidy policies;(3)A two-level supply chain differential game model under the government’s separate implementation of carbon tax policy,simultaneous implementation of subsidy and carbon tax policy,and simultaneous implementation of subsidy and tiered carbon tax policy;(4)Under the government’s subsidy and tiered carbon tax policy,a remanufacturing supply chain differential game model is adopted,which includes manufacturer recycling,supplier recycling,and third-party recycling.Through research,the main conclusions drawn in this article are:(1)Not related to government subsidy policies,collaborative emission reduction among supply chain enterprises can enable the supply chain to achieve higher environmental and economic benefits,and these two benefits will continue to grow for a limited period of time.Supply chain enterprises can improve the overall emission reduction level of the supply chain through cost sharing contracts.Under the centralized decision-making mode,the emission reduction level of supply chain enterprises and the profits of manufacturers,suppliers,and supply chain are higher than other decision-making modes.(2)The performance of government subsidies in promoting supply chain emission reduction is influenced by the government subsidy methods.The supply chain emission reduction benefits under centralized subsidies are higher than those under separate subsidies or individual subsidies.Under the influence of government subsidy policies,cost sharing cooperation plays an important role in promoting low-carbon supply chain coordination.In addition,the government subsidy rate also has an impact on the emission reduction level of supply chain enterprises: within the scope of government subsidy rate decision-making,the higher the subsidy rate,the higher the emission reduction level of low-carbon supply chain enterprises;The lower the subsidy rate,the lower the emission reduction level of low-carbon supply chain enterprises.(3)The comprehensive policy of carbon tax and subsidy is more conducive to improving the environmental and economic benefits of supply chain emission reduction than carbon tax policy.On the basis of carbon tax,government subsidies can compensate for the investment cost of carbon reduction for supply chain enterprises,thereby improving their carbon reduction level.The cost of carbon reduction is reduced,the demand for products increases,profits increase,and enterprises achieve greater economic benefits.(4)Under the tiered carbon tax policy,the government adopts different tax rates for different supply chain enterprises,and the emission reduction level of enterprises is related to the corresponding tiered tax rates.Compared to fixed carbon taxes,lower tiered tax rates can improve the carbon reduction level of enterprises.The emission reduction cost coefficient and the impact coefficient on the low-carbon level of products of low-carbon supply chain enterprises,together with the government’s tiered tax rate,affect the carbon emission reduction level and corporate profits generated by low-carbon supply chain emission reduction under the tiered carbon tax policy.Therefore,the formulation of government carbon tax policies should fully consider all relevant business parameters of enterprises in order to correctly play the role of government fiscal policies in promoting low-carbon emission reduction in the supply chain.(5)The government’s tiered carbon tax is related to the carbon reduction level and recycling mode of remanufacturing supply chain enterprises.Under the influence of low tax rates,companies responsible for recycling have a higher level of carbon emissions reduction than other recycling models,and the level of emissions reduction is directly proportional to the recycling and remanufacturing rate.The carbon emission reduction level and profits of remanufacturing supply chain enterprises are related to parameters such as government tax rates and enterprise cost coefficients.In order to pursue maximum environmental benefits,the government should develop suitable tiered carbon tax policies based on the recycling methods of the remanufacturing supply chain and the relevant operating parameters of all enterprises.(6)The environmental and economic benefits of supply chain emission reduction are long-term dynamic developments and conform to certain laws.With the continuous accumulation of carbon emissions,the growth rate of emission reduction levels of supply chain enterprises gradually decreases from fast to slow,and ultimately tends to stabilize.Moreover,the dynamic changes in profits and emission reduction levels of supply chain enterprises are consistent.Enterprises can improve their long-term emission reduction capabilities by innovating low-carbon technologies,updating equipment,adopting new methods,etc.,so as to continuously increase the emission reduction level and profits of supply chain enterprises,and achieve long-term and sustained environmental and economic benefits.