| Arrhythmia is a common and frequently occurring disease in the cardiovascular system,which can exist alone or be accompanied by other organic heart attacks.Its prognosis is closely related to the etiology,triggers,and hemodynamics.Occasional arrhythmia,due to its mild symptoms,can be spontaneously relieved without medication intervention,and clinical examination shows no organic changes in the heart.Therefore,people do not attach enough importance to this functional arrhythmia.In recent years,functional arrhythmia caused by bad living habits and chronic diseases have shown an increasing incidence rate year by year,and were characterized by malignant arrhythmia and high sudden death rate.These predisposing factors were closely related to microvascular disease,thus,improving microvascular function is of great significance to reduce the incidence rate of arrhythmia.Mailuo theory suggests that the anatomical location distribution of microvessels is identical to that of the Mailuo at the end of the venation,and based on this,the concept of the"mailuo-vascular system"was proposed.The"mailuo-vascular system"is an organic component of the venation system,which manifests as different diseases due to its different organs.The collaterals distributed in the heart include the Qiluo and Mailuo of the heart,which respectively have the function of running qi and blood.Based on the overall concept of traditional Chinese medicine Luobing theory and the theoretical characteristics related to qi and blood,the normal beating of the heart is the result of the synergistic effect of the Qiluo and Mailuo of the heart.The role of Qiluo in the heart diffusion and application of meridian qi covers the heart conduction system issued by the sinoatrial node,autonomic nerves involved in pulsation,and some advanced central nervous functions;the Mailuo of the heart covers the coronary circulation system,including small blood vessels and microcirculation widely distributed in the myocardium.The Qiluo dysfunction can cause abnormalities in rate,rhythm,and conduction system of heart,maintain hormonal imbalances in the balance of vasodilation and contraction,and lead to arrhythmia.The Mailuo dysfunction can lead to insufficient blood flow perfusion,ischemia and hypoxia,leading to microcirculatory disorders.Microcirculatory disorders are characterized by damage to microvascular endothelial cells as the core and initiating factor.Endothelial dysfunction is inherently consistent with the self stable state of the collaterals,and improving endothelial function can restore the circulation of qi and blood in collaterals.It is an important treatment strategy for preventing and treating arrhythmia caused by microvascular diseases.The Shensong Yangxin Capsule,developed based on the Luobing theory,has been clinically proven to have the advantages of"treating both fast and slow,integrating regulation"to treat various types of arrhythmia.Experimental studies have also found that it has a protective effect on endothelial cell function.Therefore,this study selected Shensong Yangxin Capsule as the therapeutic drug to explore its intervention mechanism on the susceptibility of db/db mice to arrhythmia,provide experimental data support for its widespread application in clinical treatment of arrhythmia caused by endothelial cell dysfunction.Part One Study on the changes of electrocardiogram parameters and cardiac remodeling in db/db mice and the intervention effect of Shensong Yangxin CapsuleObjective:Explore the effects of Shensong Yangxin Capsule on the susceptibility to arrhythmia,electrocardiogram parameters,cardiac structural remodeling,electrical remodeling,and gap junction structure of myocardial cells in db/db mice.Methods:This study selected male db/db mice and co litter control mice as experimental animals,aged 4-5 weeks,with 10 mice in each group.The control mice in the same litter were the control group（Control）,while the db/db mice without drug intervention were the model group（Model）.The low dose group of Shensong Yangxin（SSYX-L）and the high dose group of Shensong Yangxin（SSYX-H）were given 0.4g/kg/d and 1.6g/kg/d of Shensong Yangxin,respectively.On the basis of the high dose of Shensong Yangxin,the nitric oxide synthase（e NOS）inhibitor NG-Nitro-L-argine Methyl Ester was added,Hydrochloride（L-NAME）was used as a drug blocker group（L-SSYX-H）to observe whether the action site of Shensong Yangxin was in endothelial cells.The body weight and random blood glucose of mice in each group were measured every week.After 8 weeks of intragastric administration and 12 hours of fasting,6 mice in each group were randomly selected for in vivo ECG detection and the induction of arrhythmia was observed by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol.After recording,the heart tissue was taken for liquid nitrogen cryopreservation to complete the follow-up index detection;the other four mice used the Mapping Lab matrix multi-channel electrophysiological mapping system to record the conduction direction and time of isolated mouse hearts’atria and ventricles,in order to observe the effect of Shensong Yangxin on cardiac electrical remodeling in db/db mice.After recording,the heart tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde.HE and Masson staining observation the morphological and structural changes of myocardial cells and evaluating the effect of Shensong Yangxin on cardiac structural remodeling in db/db mice;Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR）detection of Kv 4.2,Kv 4.3,Nav 1.5,Cav 1.2 m RNA expression in cardiac tissue to evaluate the effect of Shensong Yangxin on cardiac ion channel remodeling in db/db mice;Western blot was used to detect the expression of Cx43 protein in cardiac tissue,and tyramine signal amplification（TSA）dual immunofluorescence was used to detect the connection structure and distribution between Cx43 andα-actinin.Results:1.Shensong Yangxin Capsule reduced induction rate of arrhythmia in db/db miceThe ECG changes before and after intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline in mice were observed,and the arrhythmia-induced conditions of each group of mice were recorded.Compared with the baseline ECG of each group,in the 6mice,no ECG abnormalities were seen in the Control group.There were 3 ECG abnormalities in the Model group.The SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group showed 1 ECG abnormalities respectively,and there were 2 ECG abnormalities in the L-SSYX-H group.After intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline,the ECG of mice in each group was observed to record the induction of arrhythmia.One mouse in the Control group had arrhythmia,which was manifested as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.In the Model group,six mice showed arrhythmia,manifested as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,ventricular premature beats,and atrioventricular block.Three mice in SSYX-L group showed arrhythmia,manifested as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,atrial premature contractions,and other types.Two mice in SSYX-H group showed arrhythmia,manifested as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.Five mice in L-SSYX-H group showed arrhythmia,manifested as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,ventricular premature beats,and atrioventricular block.2.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved abnormal electrocardiogram parameters in db/db miceBy comparing the ECG parameters of mice in each group before and after intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol,it was found that the heart rate of mice in each group was significantly higher than the basic heart rate after intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the Control group,the PR interval,RR interval,P wave duration,QT interval and QTc interval in the Model group and L-SSYX-H group were significantly prolonged before and after intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the PR interval,P wave duration,QT interval and QTc interval of SSYX-L group and SSYX-H group were significantly shorter before and after intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol（P<0.05,P<0.01）,RR interval in SSYX-H group was significantly shortened after intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol（P<0.05）;Compared with SSYX-H group,the PR interval,RR interval,QT interval,and QTc interval in L-SSYX-H group were significantly prolonged（P<0.05,P<0.01）.Compared with that before intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol,the heart rate of mice in each group increased significantly after injection（P<0.05,P<0.01）.RR interval,P wave duration,QT interval and QTc interval were shortened in Control group,Model group and L-SSYX-H group（P<0.05,P<0.01）.PR interval in SSYX-L group and SSYX-H group did not change significantly（P>0.05）.3.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved the conduction direction and shortened conduction time of isolated heart in db/db miceThe results of Mapping Lab matrix multi-channel electrophysiological mapping system showed that the conduction directions of the Control group and the SSYX-H group were orderly,while the conduction directions of the Model group,the SSYX-L group,and the L-SSYX-H group were disordered.Compared with the Control group,the atrial and ventricular conduction time in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group were significantly prolonged（P<0.01）,while the atrial and ventricular conduction time of the SSYX-H group were closed to those of the Control group（P>0.05）;Compared with the Model group,the atrial and ventricular conduction time in the SSYX-H group were significantly shortened（P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the atrial and ventricular conduction time in the L-SSYX-H group were significantly prolonged（P<0.05,P<0.01）.4.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved cardiac structural remodeling in db/db miceThe Masson trichrome staining results showed that the myocardial cells of the Control group were arranged tightly and regularly,and there was no significant deposition of collagen fibers between the cells.In the Model group and the L-SSYH-H group,a large number of collagen fiber deposition can be observed between myocardial cells.In the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group,the collagen fiber deposition between myocardial cells was significantly reduced when compared with the Model group.The HE staining results showed that the myocardial cells in the Control group were arranged neatly,without necrosis,hypertrophy,or inflammatory cell infiltration.The Model group and the L-SSYX-H group showed partial myocardial cell hypertrophy and necrosis,with a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration visible.Compared with the Model group,the arrangement of myocardial cells in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group was more regular,the myocardial necrosis and hypertrophy were significantly improved,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced.5.Shensong Yangxin Capsule promoted the expression of ion channel genes in the heart tissue of db/db miceThe results of qPCR showed that compared with the Control group,the Kv 4.2,Kv 4.3,Nav 1.5,and Cav 1.2 m RNA expression in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group were significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the Kv 4.3,Nav 1.5,and Cav 1.2 m RNA expression in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group were significantly increased（P<0.05,P<0.01）,while the Kv 4.2 m RNA in the SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.05）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the Kv 4.3,Nav 1.5,and Cav 1.2 m RNA expression in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）.6.Shensong Yangxin capsule improved the gap junction structure of myocardial cells in db/db miceWestern blot results showed that the protein expression of Cx43 in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased than that in the Control group（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of Cx43 in the the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the protein expression of Cx43 in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.01）.TSA double immunofluorescence results showed that the junction structure of Cx43 andα-actinin in the Model and L-SSYX-H group was disorder,the distribution between them presents a separation state and the fluorescence density decreased when compared with the Control group.Compared with the Model group,the SSYX-L and SSYX-H group showed clear connection structure between Cx43 andα-actinin,Cx43 was distributed aroundα-actinin and the fluorescence density increased.Compared with the SSYX-H group,the junction structure of Cx43 andα-actinin was disorder in the L-SSYX-H group,the structural connection was disorder between Cx43 andα-actinin and the fluorescence density decreased.Summary:After intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol,db/db mice were more likely to induce arrhythmia,with abnormal ECG parameters,cardiac structural and electrical remodeling,and abnormal gap junction of myocardial cells.Shensong Yangxin Capsule can reduce the arrhythmia susceptibility of db/db mice,improve abnormal electrocardiogram parameters,cardiac remodeling,and gap junction structure.In order to clarify the role of microvascular endothelial cell damage in arrhythmia,L-NAME was administered as an inhibitor,and the above effects of Shensong Yangxin Capsule were inhibited,suggested that the increased arrhythmia susceptibility in db/db mice may be related to microvascular endothelial cell damage.Shensong Yangxin Capsule may reduce the arrhythmia susceptibility by improving endothelial cell function.Therefore,subsequent experiments will continue to explore which damage to endothelial cells was the reason for the increased arrhythmia susceptibility and the intervention effect of Shensong Yangxin Capsule.Part Two Study on the possible mechanism of increased arrhythmia susceptibility caused by cardiac microvascular endothelial cells damage in db/db mice and the intervention effect of Shensong Yangxin CapsuleObjective:By detecting the indicators including endothelial cell barrier and secretion function,microvascular density,inflammatory factors,adhesion molecules,macrophage polarization in db/db mice,this study aims to explore the role of endothelial cell damage and its mediated inflammatory response in arrhythmia,as well as the intervention effect of Shensong Yangxin Capsule.Methods:Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ZO-1and occludin in cardiac tissue to evaluate endothelial cell barrier function.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to observe the fluorescence density of CD31 and e NOS in cardiac tissue to evaluate microvascular density.Western blot was used to detect the expression of e NOS protein,and nitrite colorimetry was used to detect the content of NO in cardiac tissue,qPCR was used to detect the m RNA expression of ET-1 in cardiac tissue to evaluate the secretory function of endothelial cells;qPCR was used to detect IL-1β,IL-6and TNF-αm RNA expression in cardiac tissue to evaluate inflammatory response;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ICAM-1and VCAM-1 in cardiac tissue and observe the adhesion molecules on damaged endothelial surfaces;Western blot was used to detect the macrophage marker MCP-1 and CCR2 protein expression,qPCR was used to detect MCP-1 and CCR-2 m RNA expression,double immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the fluorescence density of F4/80 and i NOS in cardiac tissue as an evaluation index of macrophage polarization.Results:1.Shensong Yangxin protected the function of endothelial cell barrierWestern blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group were significantly decreased（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group were significantly increased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05）.2.Shensong Yangxin improved the function of endothelial cell secretionWestern blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the protein expression of e NOS in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the e NOS protein expression in the SSYX-L group and SSYX-H group increased significantly（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the protein expression of e NOS in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05）.The results of nitrite colorimetry showed that the NO content in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased than that in the Control group（P<0.05）;Compared with the Model group,the content of NO in the SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.01）,while there was no significant change in the SSYX-L group（P>0.05）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the content of NO in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.01）.The results of qPCR showed that the ET-1 m RNA expression in the Model and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly higher than that in the Control group（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the ET-1 m RNA expression in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the ET-1 m RNA expression in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly incresased（P<0.01）.3.Shensong Yangxin increased microvascular density in cardiac tissueDouble immunofluorescence labeling of CD31 and e NOS was used to observe changes in microvascular density.Compared with the Control group,the density of CD31 and e NOS in the Model and the L-SSYX-H group decreased;Compared with the Model group,the fluorescence density of CD31and e NOS in the SSYX-L and the SSYX-H group increased;Compared with the the SSYX-H group,the fluorescence density of CD31 and e NOS in the L-SSYX-H group decreased.4.Shensong Yangxin inhibited inflammatory reactionsThe results of qPCR showed that compared with the Control group,the m RNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αwas significantly increased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the m RNA expression of IL-1βand IL-6 was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）,and the TNF-αm RNA expression was significantly decreased in the SSYX-H group（P<0.05）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the m RNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αwas significantly increased（P<0.05,P<0.01）.5.Shensong Yangxin inhibited the adhesion between endothelial cells and inflammatory cellsWestern blot results showed that the protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly higher than that in the Control group（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.01）.6.Shensong Yangxin inhibited the macrophage polarizationVerify macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory（M1 type）by detecting macrophage markers MCP-1,CCR-2,and F4/80.Western blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the protein expression of MCP-1 in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.01）,the protein expression of CCR-2 in the Model group was significantly increased（P<0.05）;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of MCP-1 and CCR-2 in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the protein expression of MCP-1 was significantly increased（P<0.01）,and the protein expression of CCR-2 has no significant change in the L-SSYX-H group.The results of qPCR showed that the m RNA expression of MCP-1 and CCR-2 in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group was significantly increased than that in the Control group（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the m RNA expression of MCP-1 and CCR-2 in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the m RNA expression of MCP-1 and CCR-2 in the L-SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.01）.Immunofluorescence double staining results show that compared with the Control group,the fluorescence density of F4/80 and i NOS increased in the Model group and the L-SSYX-H group;Compared with the Model group,the fluorescence density of F4/80 and i NOS in the SSYX-L group and the SSYX-H group decreased;Compared with the SSYX-H group,the fluorescence density of F4/80 and i NOS in the L-SSYX-H group increased.Summary:Db/db mice exhibited cardiac microvascular endothelial cell barrier and secretion dysfunction,decreased microvascular density,increased expression of adhesion molecules and expression of inflammatory factors,promoting macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory type.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved the barrier and secretion function of endothelial cell,increased microvascular density,reduced the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory factors,and inhibited macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory type.The effect of Shensong Yangxin Capsules could be blocked by L-NAME,indicated that Shensong Yangxin Capsule can protect endothelial cells through the e NOS pathway.Combined with the first part of the study,it has been shown that endothelial cell barrier and secretion dysfunction,as well as the inflammatory response mediated by them,might be the reason for increased arrhythmia susceptibility.Shensong Yangxin Capsule might inhibit endothelial cell damage and its mediated inflammatory response through the e NOS pathway,thereby reducing the arrhythmia susceptibility.Part Three High glucose and high palmitic acid induced microvascular endothelial cell injury and the intervention effect of Shensong Yangxin CapsuleObjective:To explore the injury of microvascular endothelial cells induced by high glucose and high palmitic acid and the intervention effect of Shensong Yangxin Capsule by detecting the activity of microvascular endothelial cells,mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum function,inflammatory factors,adhesion molecules.Methods:The human microvascular endothelial cell lines were divided into 5 groups:control group（Control）,model group（Model）,low dose Shensong Yangxin group（SSYX-L）,middle dose Shensong Yangxin dose group（SSYX-M）,and high dose Shensong Yangxin group（SSYX-H）.The model group was given high sugar and high palmitic acid medium（25 mmol/L glucose+50 mmol/L palmitic acid）,while the SSYX-L,SSYX-M,and SSYX-H groups were given 0.25μg/ml,0.5μg/ml and 1.0μg/ml Shensong Yangxin respectively on the basis of the Model group medium.All the cells in the above groups were cultured in the 37℃incubator filled with 5%CO2.The survival activity of the cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 method;The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP）in each group were observed by fluorescence microscopy;Western blot detection of mitochondrial motility related protein 1（DRP1）and mitochondrial fusion protein 2（MFN2）protein expression in each group of cells to evaluate the effect of Shensong Yangxin on high glucose and high palmitic acid induced mitochondrial function in microvascular endothelial cells;Western blot was used to detect glucose regulated protein 78（GRP78）in cells of each group to observe the effect of Shensong Yangxin on the function of endoplasmic reticulum of microvascular endothelial cells induced by high glucose and high palmitic acid;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB）p65 and IL-6 to evaluate the effect of Shensong Yangxin on the inflammatory response of microvascular endothelial cells induced by high glucose and high palmitic acid;Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of P-selectin、E-selectin to evaluate the effect of Shensong Yangxin on the microvascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules induced by high glucose and high palmitic acid.Results:1.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved the survival activity of microvascular endothelial cellsCompared with the Control group,the survival activity of cells in the Model group decreased（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the survival activity of cells in the SSYX-L,SSYX-M,and SSYX-H group increased（P<0.01）.2.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved the mitochondria function of microvascular endothelial cellsThe change of mitochondrial membrane potential of endothelial cells was observed by fluorescence microscope.Mitochondria in the Control group showed red fluorescence,indicated that mitochondrial membrane potential was high;The model group showed green fluorescence,indicated that the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased,while the SSYX-L,SSYX-M,and SSYX-H group all showed red fluorescence,indicated that Shensong Yangxin Capsule can improve the mitochondrial membrane potential.Western blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the protein expression of DRP1 in the Model group was significantly increased（P<0.05）,and the protein expression of MFN2 was significantly decreased（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of DRP1 in the SSYX-M and SSYX-H group was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）,while the protein expression of DRP1was no significant change in the SSYX-L group.The protein expression of MFN2 in the SSYX-L and SSYX-H group was significantly increased（P<0.05）,and it was no significant change in the SSYX-M group（P>0.05）.3.Shensong Yangxin Capsule improved the endoplasmic reticulum function of microvascular endothelial cellsWestern blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the protein expression of GRP78 in the Model group was significantly increased（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the GRP78 protein expression in the SSYX-L,SSYX-M,and SSYX-H groups was significantly decreased（P<0.01）.4.Shensong Yangxin Capsule inhibited inflammatory response of microvascular endothelial cellsWestern blot results showed that compared with the Control group,the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 was significantly increased（P<0.05,P<0.01）in the Model group;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 was significantly decreased（P<0.05,P<0.01）in the the SSYX-L and SSYX-H group（P<0.05,P<0.01）,the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased（P<0.01）,while the protein expression of IL-6 was no significant change（P>0.05）.5.Shensong Yangxin Capsule reduced microvascular endothelial cell adhesion molecular levelWestern blot results showed the protein expression of P-selectin and E-selectin in the Model group was significantly increased when compared with the Control group（P<0.01）;Compared with the Model group,the protein expression of P-selectin and E-selectin was significantly decreased in the SSYX-L,SSYX-M,and the SSYX-H group（P<0.05,P<0.01）.Summary:High glucose and high palmitic acid can reduce the activity of microvascular endothelial cells,leading to endothelial cell mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,increased expression of inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules.Shensong Yangxin capsule can significantly improve the viability of endothelial cells injured by high glucose and high palmitic acid,prevent the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential,balance mitochondrial fusion and division functions,inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress,reduce inflammatory response,and inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules,which further confirms the protective mechanism of Shensong Yangxin capsule on endothelial cells injured by high glucose and high palmitic acid.Combining the previous studies,it has been shown that microvascular endothelial cell damage and its mediated inflammatory response were one of the reasons for increased arrhythmia susceptibility.Shensong Yangxin Capsule can reduce the arrhythmia susceptibility by inhibiting endothelial cell damage and its mediated inflammatory response.Conclusions:1.The Luobing theory points out that the Mailuo and the Qiluo of the heart jointly maintain the normal structure and function of the cardiac tissue.The Mailuo drive blood circulation and is closely related to the microvascular function of the heart;the regulation of heart rhythm and conduction function by the Qiluo is closely related to the neuroendocrine immune regulatory function.Abnormal function of the Mailuo structure in the heart can cause the Qiluo dysfunction,leading to the cardiac structural dysfunction.This study confirmed that microvascular endothelial cell damage and its mediated inflammatory response can lead to cardiac structural and electrical remodeling,increasing the susceptibility to arrhythmia through animal and cellular experiments.Protecting microvascular endothelial cells can inhibit inflammatory reactions,reduce cardiac structural damage and arrhythmia susceptibility.Therefore,the Luobing theory has important guiding value for the treatment of functional or occult arrhythmia.2.The Luobing theory believes that the main pathogenesis of arrhythmia is"deficiency of both qi and yin,collateral weak and non prosperity",and the treatment principles of"regulating Ying and Wei when the heart injured"and"unobstructed and replenishing when the collateral was weak"should be adopted.This study used Shensong Yangxin Capsule,which has the function of"warming,clearing,tonifying,and integrating rhythm regulation"to intervene arrhythmia,the results showed that it can reduce the arrhythmia susceptibility by protecting endothelial cells and inhibiting inflammatory reactions.This indicates that protecting endothelial cells through unobstructed collaterals is an important therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating functional or occult arrhythmia,providing an important basis for the clinical application of Luobing theory to guide the prevention and treatment of such arrhythmia. |
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