| Uzbekistan,located in the hinterland of Central Asia,has a long history and culture,nurtured an outstanding musical and cultural heritage represented by the art of classical oral tradition "Shashmaqom".Cultural intermingles and exchanges that have taken place between different ethnic groups in Uzbekistan’s history constituted the diversified development trend of local music culture and diverse regional styles.Since the period of Tsarist Russia,Russian music culture has gradually exerted an influence on the music of the entire Central Asian region including Uzbekistan.After the October Revolution,the development of Uzbekistan’s music culture was strongly influenced by Soviet power.For more than 70 years from 1917 to 1991,under the guidance of the Soviet National Culture and Art Policies,Uzbekistan’s music and art,classical oral professional and folk music,and art heritage were systematically recorded,preserved,researched,and innovatively developed.At the same time,the overall influence of Russian music culture increased drastically,and this brought new changes to the Uzbekistan music system.The polyphonic harmony tradition and composition techniques of the European music system were set up in Uzbekistan;various genres and forms of art such as opera,ballet,symphony,chamber music,and chorus were promoted in this land.Moreover,the establishment of various music schools at all levels laid a solid foundation for the training of new music talents and excellent teachers in Uzbekistan.Furthermore,Music creations and concert activities which influence by the new socialist culture of the Soviet Union and the local people’s real-life experiences enriched Uzbekistan people’s aesthetic appeal and leisure life.In the early 1950 s,with the support of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union,Uzbekistan started a new way to develop its national arts,combining East-Western music with local cultural traditions,and treat Markham Art as a development focus.Since then,with the extensive development of foreign music and art exchanges,Uzbekistan has demonstrated its rich musical achievements in the Soviet Union and even international art stage,and Uzbekistan musicians have won many awards in international competitions.By successfully held international music festivals and traditional music conferences,Uzbekistan successfully established its musical position in the world music circle and demonstrated the unique charm of oriental melody at the same time.This thesis uses interdisciplinary research methods,some come from analysis and interpretation of multilingual historical documents;others are from personal field surveys and interviews.By research influential national musical events,local music genres and their developments,and important musicians and their works in various historical periods in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period.This thesis aims to explore around 70 years’ history of the development of Uzbekistan’s national mainstream music,culture,and art during the Soviet period,and present the interaction between the development of music art and the national social history,politics,and culture.Also,by comparing the views of Western music scholars and Uzbek music scholars,this thesis wants to objective evaluation of the historical and cultural development of Uzbekistan’s national music during the Soviet period.Following this,I hope this work can enriches the research content of the regional country(Central Asian and Uzbekistan)history in the world history and makes up for the deficiencies in the research on the history and culture of Central Asia in domestic academia.This thesis has six parts.The introduction gives a detailed review of the relevant researchs’ status,methods,significances,key points,and innovations,as well as the way of historical segmentation in these researches and their text structures.Chapter 1 clarifies that Uzbekistan’s classical music before the October Revolution was rooted in the monophonic oral music cultural tradition of the Persian-Arab music system;In practice,it’s different from European music culture which is based on polyphonic harmony in terms of form types,creations,and transmission methods.During the period of Czarist Russia,in Central Asia,European music culture(represented by Russian music)began to have an impact on Uzbekistan’s music culture.Chapter 2 descibes that under the guidance of Lenin’s national cultural policies—after Uzbekistan entered a period of socialist music culture—how the introduction of European musical tablatures,creation technologies,and the professional music education systems promoted and developed the institutionalization and standardization among musical learning in Uzbekistan.Furthermore,how Uzbekistan’s classical music culture and national music heritage were recorded and studied in this period.Chapter 3 analyzes the Stalin period(the second half of the 1920s-1953),which is the formation period of Uzbekistan’s socialist music culture.In this period,Uzbekistan’s music culture not only established a national development path based on the tradition of oral music but also reconstructed and reformed traditional musical instruments and instrumental ensemble forms.At the same time,Uzbekistan also improved its opera,ballet,symphony,chamber music,chorus levels with gradually established the western music cultural tradition in their country.I argue that these practices enriching Uzbekistan ethnic music creations and genres.Chapter 4 looks into the Khrushchev period(1953-1964)and shows the prosperity and development of Uzbekistan’s music culture.In this period,the literary "unfreezing moves" thought promoted a more diverse music culture in Uzbekistan.New genres such as symphony and film music were established.Under this condition,Uzbekistan’s composers have matured their skills and embarked on the road of independent creation.Additionally,I contend that the touring performances of various art groups of the Philharmonic Orchestra have expanded the exchanges between Uzbek music and world music.Chapter 5 studies the Brezhnev and Gorbachev period(1964-1991).I point out in this period,Uzbekistan’s music culture have developed over many years and produced a large number of scientific achievements in music theory.Moreover,classical oral professional music and traditional folk music have also been vigorously developed in this period.I argue that the modern development of Uzbekistan’s music and art is based on its ethnic traditions and it always keeps up with the times.In the conclusion,I make an objective commentary on the historical and cultural development of Uzbekistan’s music in the Soviet period. |
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