Study On The Persistent Calyx Pigment And Fruit Polysaccharides Of Physalis Alkekengi L. Var. Francheti (Mast.) Makino

Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino, which belong to the Solanaceae, is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Xinjiang and Shandong et al., its adaptability to climate is strong, which is Suitable for all kinds of soil and able to endure cold and drought. Its persistent calyx is acrid and the fruit is sweet and slight acidic, Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino used to the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis and pharyngitis, its efficacy is significant. All the parts of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino could be used to medicine. So it is an economic plant which possessing great developing prospects.This paper described the research review of Physalis alkekengi L. included phant morphology, distribution, chemical component and comprehensive utilization firstly. At the same time, this paper generalized the extraction technology and stability of natural pigment. And then, the isolation, purifation and biological activity of polysaccharides were concluded in this paper.This paper processed systemic research included of calyx and fruit two parts. Firstly, the extraction technics of Physalis alkekengi L. calyx pigment, purification by macroporous resin and stability, acute toxicity of calyx pigment were studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: The pigment was extracted with CH₃COCH₃; material vs. extraction solution was 1:6; extraction time was 4 hours, at 50℃. The pigment adsorbing capability of five types of macroporous resin were valuated, the results showed that HPD 100A macroporous resin was the best one for purification of Physalis alkekengi L. calyx pigment. The optimum conditions were: the temperature was 20℃, pH was 6 and flow rate was 1.5mL/min, then use stepwise elution by absolute ethanol and acetone. The colour value increase of 2 times afer one purification treatmentThe pigment was stable to heat and stable in acid solution, but unstable under light; the pigment is influenced by Fe³⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe²⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,Zn²⁺, but it is stable in the Na⁺,K⁺ aqueous solution; the ability to endure sugar was generic, merely stable in glucose solution of low concentration; VC,Na2SO3 could destroy the pigment, low concentration could decompose it. Physalis alkekengi L. calyx pigment has no acute toxicity, LD50>20000 mg/kg, the amount is 100 times of food coloring additive. So it could be used in the food coloring safely.This paper studied extraction technology of Physalis alkekengi L. fruit crude polyscharide (PAP), detected physical and chemical properties and activity in vitro. Seperated PAP by ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. Study results inferd by central composite design-response surface methodology showed that the optimal extraction condition of PAP was as follows: Extracting solvent was H2O; material vs. extraction solution was 1:21; extraction time was 4.95h, at 92℃, the theoretical extraction rate in the optimum extraction condition is 3.34%.The experimental extraction rate in the optimum extraction condition is 3.29%. Relative error between theoretical extraction rate and experimental one is 1.50%.Polysaccharide deposition influent factor is also studied. The results showed that content of polysaccharide is maximum when extraction solution is concentrated as 1/4, ethanol volume added is 4 times of concentration solution, and the deposition time is 12h.PAP was water-solubility, not amylum and contained no monosaccharide and protein. The component of PAP was measured by HPLC; it was consisted of Rhamnose, Xylose, Arabinose, Galactose and Glucose. Free radicals scavenging activity was studied through 3 free radicals scavenging tests. Experimentation indicated that PAP exhibited high scavenging effects on·OH radical and DPPH radical, both of the scavenging rates were about 80%. The scavenging rate of·O₂^—radical was about 22%.PAP was purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography into PAP-I-1, PAP-I-2 and PAP-II. The scavenging rate to DPPH of PAP-I-1 was highest among them, and PAP-I-1 was homogeneous component, its purity was identified by TLC and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis.From the analysis of monosaccharide compositions, PAP consists of Rhamnose, Xylose, Arabinose, Galactose and Glucose. Based on free radical scavenging tests, we can conclude that PAP has strong free radical scavenging activity. It could scavenge·OH and DPPH radicals effectively. The activity of scavenging·O2—radical is weaker than anterior, but contrasted to other plant polysaccharide which could scavenge·O2—radical, PAP has close activity. These results indicate that Physalis alkekengi L. should have potential applications in the pharmaceutic and food industries.