Studies Of Compartment Fire Risk Assessment Based Computer Simulation

Fire is a disaster which harmfulness is less than earthquake only. Safety first and prevention first is a guideline of safety production work. Scientific and effective fire risk assessment has important significance on reducing fire risk and accident.By analyzing statistically to research status and engineering practice, it is found that fire risk assessment in China stands on a single method as fellow: fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, evacuation empirical formula, heat smoke numerical simulation. In this paper, theory of three types of hazards and hazard identification technology, evacuation numerical simulation, heat smoke numerical simulation are integrated and a relatively new technology is presented which is fire risk assessment based computer simulation.For identifying three types of hazards in buildings, fire cause, damage factors, and two "fire duality essence"and fire general law are described. This research shows there may be herding behavior in evacuation and irrationality herding behavior is the third type hazard. These are innovative points in this paper.By studying a case which is a thousand square meters library reading room, the fire risk assessment method based computer simulation is presented. Some conclusions are drawn by evacuation simulator FDS+EVAC5.0. These conclusions are as following: RSET is decreasing function of exit width and there is a threshold value in exit width, there is threshold value of main channels in the reading room too, adding exit numbers may reduce RSET obviously, different sex proportion has some effects to RSET in evacuation, there is a function relation in human density and RSET, RSET is decreasing function of expectation human speed and there is a threshold value in human speed, different mesh dimension haven't important effects to RSET, herding behavior test shows that irrationality herding behavior may add RSET.Some conclusions are drawn by fire dynamics simulator FDS+EVAC5.0. These conclusions are as following: the power of fire and the position of fire source have important effects to evacuation, opening doors and windows is a favorable factor to early evacuation, correct installation position of fire detectors is favorable to find fire, sprinkler system can protect building and prevent fire, exhaust fan may reduce temperature and concentration of heat smoke, fire in summer have more harm than in winter to evacuation. Fire spread analyzing, window glass breakage forecast, building structure safety assessment are characteristics parts in this paper. By coupling fire simulation and evacuation simulation at the same time, a conclusion which the reading room is safe is drawn and fire improvement countermeasure is suggested.Preliminary study on fire risk assessment is made in this paper, progress and problems in study are summarized, and a development direction is presented.