Analysis On Shaanxi Ecological Security

Based on the methods of ecological footprint and ecological bearing capacity, the per capita ecological footprint, per capita ecological bearing capacity, per capita ecological surplus/deficit and ecological security and their spatial difference of Shaanxi Province during 1993 and 2007 were studied in order to reveal the ecological security status of Shaanxi Province and to provide scientific basis for safeguarding the ecological security and social and economic sustainable development of Shaanxi Provice. The results were gained as follows:In 1993, the ecological footprint of Shaanxi was 2.3705 hm2 per capita. The ecological bearing capacity was 1.0204 hm2 per capita. The ecological deficit was 1.3501 hm2 per capita. And the ecological pressure index was 2.0146 in 1993 with the extremely non-safe status in ecology. In 2000, the ecological footprint of Shaanxi was 2.1002 hm2 per capita. The ecological bearing capacity was 0.9061 hm2 per capita. T he ecological deficit was 1.1941 hm2 per capita. In addition, the ecological pressure index was 1.8193 in 2000 with the quite non-safe status in ecology. In 2007, the ecological footprint of Shaanxi was 3.5343 hm2 per capita. The ecological bearing capacity was 0.8051 hm2 per capita. The ecological deficit was 2.7292 hm2 per capita. What's more, the ecological pressure index was 2.8591 in 2007 with the extremely non-safe status in ecology. The ratio of ecological footprint requirement and supply (ecological footprint and bearing capacity) in 1993,2000 and 2007 were respectively 2.323:1,2.318:1 and 4.389:1. Therefore the contradiction between ecological requirement and supply (ecological footprint and bearing capacity) was increasingly acute.Needs on land, fossil fuels land and the grassland were greater in all the parts of the province, the consumption of arable land were mainly on food, the consumption of fossil energy land was majorly on coal. In recent years, the consumption of fossil energy resources was increasing. Cultivated land and woodland were accounted for most of the ecological supply (ecological carrying capacity), and ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land per capita was gradually reduced.The largest ecological footprint per capita area was northern of Shaanxi, and southern of Shaanxi as Ankang and Shangluo were lowest in ecological footprint per capita. Ecological carrying capacities of northern and southern of Shaanxi are higher than which of the whole provincial level, but ecological footprint per capita in the central of the province was lower than the provincial level, especially in Yangling, Xi'an and Xianyang.Overall, the province's ecological footprint was gradually increasing, however, the ecological carrying capacity had continued to decline. or both parts of the province and Shaanxi province, the ecological deficit was growing. In addition, the problems of ecological security were more and more obvious in all of the parts of Shaanxi province.Besides Tongchuan and Ankang were more safety in 2000, other parts of Shaanxi province are different levels of insecurity in the three years.We should save resources and energy, consume in a low-carbon way, protect the environment, return farmland to forest and grassland, protect arable land and basic farmland and maintain regional ecological security. The concept of sustainable development should be established. And we should promote concepts of environmental protection and develop the circular economy.