Water Environment Security And Its Evaluation System In Hebei Province

Hebei,located in North China, is shortage both in water resource and quality and its problem of water environment security is very serious. In terms of water quantity, the rainfall in Hebei Province is little and it can only rely on the groundwater resources, while protection and restoration of water resources lags behind development and utilization, resulting in serious consequences. In particular, the over-exploitation of groundwater caused a sharp decline in the groundwater level, deepening the funnel area, and thus leaded to land subsidence, cracks and many other geological environment problems, crisis to people's lives and enormous economic losses. In terms of water quality, polluted surface rivers and groundwater is up to 70%, where only 25.8% of groundwater can meet the human health-based water quality standard Class III in plain area. The ability of water self-purification is decreasing, water pollution aggravating, public health endangering and social stability risks highlighted. Serious water pollution and shortage in Hebei and even North China in the whole, lead to rapid deterioration in regional ecological environment and social and serious restriction in economic development.The main research contents are as follows:(1) After analysis of water environment security both home and abroad, from the concept of water environment security, and analyzing the properties of the water environment, the concept of generalized water environment security is put forward.(2) Through model and index system of security evaluation of regional water environment security both at home and abroad, consultation with experts and query a large number of references, and based on the consultation of the regional characteristics of the Hebei Province, the evaluation index system of water environment security is constructed.(3) The system contains 3 layers and 23 indexes, covering social economic security, ecological security, water security, water management security, to ensure representability and completeness. In accordance with national and local industry standards, evaluation level of water environment is developed and threshold between levels is determined. Based on the threshold, water environment security is divided into 5 levels: satisfactory, good, safe, less safe, not safe, as standards to evaluate water environment security.(4) We have applied our index system to status of water environment security in Hebei Province for the past seven years. The index weight is determined by fuzzy AHP, and then the improved principal component projection method is used to evaluate, using Matlab to realize the whole calculation. The results shows that most part of status of water environment security in Hebei lay in less safe, the security situation is gradually improving, but not obvious and there is ups and downs.(5) We use security index of 23 indexes over 7 years to analysis water environment security and the results show that indexes that represent water quantity and quality trends to be not safe, so in order to ensure security of water environment, we should focus on them.(6) According to evaluation results to find weak part of water environment security in Hebei Province, and learn from sustainable development theory, strategic security measures is put forward to achieve sustainable development of water environment security.