The Researches On Variation Of Leaf Color, Leaf And Samara Shape In Acer Truncatum Bunge

In this paper, the time of leaf color change and the red proportion leaf of Acer truncatum Bunge. had been investigated in tai'an area. It was taken to measure physiological and biochemical indexes, such as plastid pigment, anthocyanin, soluble sugar, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), cell sap pH, leaf relative water content and other indicators. Statistics of the 100 Acer truncatum Bunge. leaves and fruits morphological indexes, showed the intraspecific variation by genetic variation characteristics, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and so on .A. truncatum leaves color is yellow or red in autumn, red leaf trees accounted for 33% of surveied trees. The beginning time for discoloration was October 16 and end of until leaves falling about early December, lasted about 45 days.During the leaves growing season, leaf photosynthesis started to enhance and biochemical activities was correspond to the change. Contents of plastid pigment, soluble sugar and PAL activity gradually increased, generally the highest value was in August, so that it builded up a certain materials for leaf color change in autumn. Content of anthocyanin in a brief decline during summer, that may be due to the decomposition of the anthocyanin under high light irradiation partly.The study used colormeter which based on the hue science theory to measure A. truncatum leaves and the coordinates of hue accurately and quickly was easily obtained. Based on the results, A. truncatum can be classified into three types. The red-green attribute a values between 19.53±8.25, yellow-blue attribute b values between -20.31±4.51, can be the red group; The red-green attribute a values between 8.36±6.73, yellow-blue attribute b values between -3.69±7.26, can be the yellow group.As the fall was coming, the physiological and biochemical changes of the leaves were as follows: The contents of Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b decreased gradually, while the contents of Chlorophyll a/b ratio and Carotenoids remained stable; the contents of anthocyanin and soluble sugar and PAL activity increased gradually, while cell sap pH and contents of leaf relative water decreased gradually; Red group and yellow group showed differences between trends and magnitude of change. During the discoloration of the leaves, with the changes of spatial location from the inside to the outside, the changes of the physiological and biochemical are as follows:The contents of plastid pigment and cell sap pH decreased gradually; while the contents of anthocyanin, soluble, leaf relative water and PAL activity increased gradually. Red group and yellow group showed differences in some physiological and biochemical indexes.The optimum extraction conditions of anthocyanins from Acer truncatum Bunge were established with alcohol containing 0.1%HCL, 6h extraction periods. The anthocyanin from Acer truncatum Bunge. was sensitive to the light. It was stable under darkness and 4℃; It was also observed that the anthocyanin was stable while the pH was 2.0. With the increasing pH, its stability was dropped significantly.The values of the ratio of fruit length and wing length and angle of leaf base of 100 varieties distributed concentrated. In variance analysis, the differences of the ratio of fruit length and wing length both were significant among species and within the species, while the differences of the angle of leaf base were significant among species and not significant within the species.The related coefficient of the ratio of fruit length and the wing length and the angle of leaf base was 0.0542, it represented that they were not significantly correlated with each other.The largest coefficient of variation was the thousand seed weight, it indicated that the greatest degree of variation, followed by the width of wing>stretch angle>length of key fruit>length of key fruit> joint angle; The largest coefficient of variation of leaf traits was its width, indicating the greatest degree of variation of it, followed by the crack length>crack width >angle> length.In the principal component analysis of key fruit morphological indexes, the first principal component represented factor of size; The second principal component represented the joint angle; The third principal component represented angle; The fourth principal component represented the yield. While of the key leaf morphological indexes, the first principal component represented the size; The second principal component represented the shape;The third principal component represented the angle. The results of cluster analysis of the 100 samples showed that all the tested plants can be completely separated. The A. truncatum was divided into four categories by genetic distance.