The Researches On Investigation And Introduction Of Some Aconitum L.

Aconitum L. is an important material for breeding, with its charm long inflorescence peculiar flower and also great ornamental value for most of them blossom in summer with beautiful blue color. But most of researches focus on its pharmic value,less on its ornamental value. Researches on biological characteristics , ecological habits and community types of some Aconitum were studied to provide theory basis for their introduction. And also some species with great ornamental value and less sensitiviy of unfavourable enviroment were propagated. The main results are as follows:(1) 9 Aconitum species were investigated in Hebei, Inner Mongolia and west of Sichuan provinces, they are A.kusnezoffii, A.soogaricum var.angustius, A.excelsum, A.barbatum var.hispidum, A.sinomontanum, A.gymnandrum, A.carmichaeli, A.hemsleyanum, A.tatsinenense. Mean while A.soogaricum var. angustius, A .kusnezoffii and A.excelsum were identified as the main subjects by evaluating their ornamental and breeding qualities, distribution, ecological habits and so on. In order to develop their value, the artical studied the patterns of their morphological variation. The results showed that stem height, tuber number of A.kusnezoffii and flower number, stem height of A.soogaricum var.angustius were multiform in different habitats. The variation of calyx size was vary within populations. The analysis of variations and multiple comparisons of numerical characters indicated that most of these characters were inconspicuous between localities populations . R cluster analysis showed that characters of flower and tubers were grouped together, respectively of A.kusnezoffii, and characters of flower and stem height were grouped together, respectively of A.soogaricum var.angustius.(2) Prelimilary study on seeds germination of A.kusnezoffii and A.excelsum showed that their seeds have the characteristic of dormancy. The chilling or gibberellin treatment was used in order to break the dormancy. 1000mg.L-1 was the optimum GA3 concentration for A.excelsum and A.kusnezoffii, in the range of 125-2000mg.L-1GA3 treatment respectively. Date of germination and their maximum rate varied vary with species: 11days after 1000mg.L-1 treatment, A.kusnezoffii seeds germinated,2-4 days later the maximum rate commenced, while 13-15 days for A.excelsum seeds to germinate, 3-5 days later the maximum rate commenced. Without any treatment seed could not or slowly germinate. The optimum temperature for A.excelsum seeds germination was 15-20℃, when germination rate decreased at 30℃. There was no significant difference of different temperature range on A.excelsum seeds germination. Germination rate and energy were increased by cold stratification with uniform seedlings, but there was relative long time for germination commenced. Aged seeds germination rate of A.excelsum dropped dramatically. With treatments of 6-BA 50mg.L-1 and 100 mg.L-1 seeds germination rate reached to 38.33% and 47.50% respectively.(3) Media mixture with the ratio of 2:1:2 with soil,sand and peat is optimum for A.excelsum sowing,and 1:1:1 with soil, sand and peat for growth. Illumination supplement was advantage to A.excelsum growth in greenhouse in winter and plant growthed much better with prolonged illumination supplement duration.Light compensation point(LCP) was improved by illumination supplement duration prolonged, and 20h illumination had the higher LCP than 16h and which is dark interruption.(4) Effects of different tuber weight and storage time on the growth of shoot of A.kusnezoffii and A.soogaricum var.angustius were prelimilary studied. The results showed that dormancy was released within 45 days at -2℃for both of them. Germination rate was higher and shoot much healthy as soon as it was planted after dormancy released, seedlings growth was improved with tuber weight increasing within 10 g.(5) Photosynthetic characteristics was studied and found that A.kusnezoffii had higher shade endurance ability and efficiency of light energy utilization than A.soogaricum var.angustius. They had the same ability on weak light reaction.