Effect Of Formaldehyde Inhalation On Immune System In Mice

Objective:To explore the effect of gaseous state formaldehyde inhalation on immune system in mice.Methods:Eighty KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 0mg/m~3,3.4mg/m~3,10 mg/m~3,30mg/m~3.Mice were exposed to formaldehyde by inspiration in a dynamic total enclosure chamber for 14 days.The detection rate of peripheral blood serum IgM,IgG,IgE,IgA and the IL-4 the concentration were determined and the number of RBC,WBC,Plc were calculated with blood cell counter and the pathological change on Liver and kidney and spleen damage were determined by naked eyes and pathological section.Results:1)With the raise of exposed dose of formaldehyde,body weighs increased in the high dose group were significantly lower than that in the controlled group(p＜0.05).The coefficient liver,kidney,spleen and thymus were all significantly decreased,especially in the high dose group(p＜0.05);2) With the raise of exposed dose of formaldehyde,the express of IgM and IgG on peripheral blood serum were significantly increased in the high dose group(p＜0.05),there was significant difference in 30 mg/m~3 group formaldehyde inhalation groups compared with control group(p＜0.05).The expression of IgE on peripheral blood serum were irregularity,there was not significant difference between them.The concentrations of IL-4 peripheral blood serum were increased significantly accompanying the augment of formaldehyde concentration.The incorporation of 10,30 mg/m~3 formaldehyde group was significantly higher than that of control group,the difference was statistical significance (p＜0.05 and p＜0.01);3)The obviously change of white cell was that formaldehyde had affected the peripheral blood routine on mice.With the raise of exposed dose of formaldehyde,the numbers of white cell and blood disc had decreased,the number decreased in the high dose group were significantly lower than that in the controlled group(p＜0.05).the changes of red blood cell number and the heamoglobin level were not manifest;4)When compared with control groups,there were pathological changes in the liver of mice of high dose groups exposed by formaldehyde,such as hepatocytes degeneration,spot or focal necrosis and inflammatory infiltration.Different morphological disorders lain in the glomcrulus,renal interstitium and nephric tubule. White pulp and red pulp of spleen in formaldehyde inhalation high dose groups flocked with blood clot,and It was infiltrated by multinucleated giant cell in the red pulp which was granuloma pathological changes.Conclusion:formaldehyde distinctly had adverse effects on growth of mice,and delay normal development and affect T cellular mediated immune response,the results were the higher concentrations of IgG,IgM in peripheral blood serum.When mice were exposed at the high concentration of formaldehyde,It could induce the pathological change of the Liver,kidney and spleen of mice.It indicated that formaldehyde displayed the distinct adverse effects on the immune system of mice.