| Background: ADHD has been recognized as a neuropsychiatric disorder disease among children and youth in recent years.The main clinical manifestations are easily dispersed attention,the attention of narrow breadth, excessive activity and emotional difficult to control. ADHD children have various behavioral problems in high incidence,their academic and emotional control always have been seriously affected.With the prevalence increased year by year,and the constantly understand of its harm to society. The disease has become a worldwide study, with much child psychologists,educators, psychiatrist experts,the majority of teachers and parents widespread concern. We can understand the situation of the distribution of ADHD, the prevalence rate and influencing factors through epidemiological investigation.For the health sector have the status of children's health and further prevention and control work providing an objective parameters. Many countries and regions in the world have some large-scale epidemiological survey reports.The States have different cultural backgrounds,and researchers using the different diagnostic criteria and methods, so the prevalence rate among the countries vary significantly.Now the international study to DSM-Ⅳas the standard criteria, more recognized ADHD prevalence rate of 3%to5%. Previous epidemiological investigation by the prevalence of ADHD in northeastern of China, used backward methods is not received international recognition. The study used the scale is recommended by the Evidence-Based Medicine.It is reliable, specific and internationally recognized: PSQ and TRS. We Use of multilevel sampling (stratified random, entire group)methods, to investigate Jilin province of four districts, a total of 21,600 students in the prevalence rate of ADHD, and the rate of behavioral problems and some influence factors.Objective: To investigate the prevalence and certain impact factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among 6 to 17-year-old students in JiLin province and to investigate the prevalence of problems of behavior among children with ADHD .Methods: From December 2006,to December 2007,21600 students in Changchun were selected by means of cluster random sampling. Except the Students which do not meet conditions, 17599 students aged 6～17 years old were selected as the research object. The pre-investigation were carried before the formal. The PSQ and TRS were selected as tool. The teachers, who were in charge of a class, were told the knowledge about ADHD and the meanings, contents and the method of filling the inventory in different district collectively. Then the teachers explained the contents and the method of filling the inventory to the parents. TRS were filled by teachers and PSQ were filled by parents. The inventories were taken back by the teachers after 3 to 5 days. The data was input by EpiData, and was analyzed by EpiCalc 2000.Result:①Respectively 17599 PSQ and TRS were taken back,17171 inventories PSQ and 17177 inventories TRS,completed in content,were involved in the statistical analysis.②By PSQ the prevalence of ADHD is 1.00%, and the ratio male (0.68%) to female (1.30%) is 0.50 to 1.There is significant difference in prevalence of ADHD between different gender groups. 15 to 17-year-old groups is the highest prevalence(1.32%)。The prevalence of ADHD in the 6 to 8, 9 to11, 12 to 14, 15 to 17-year-old groups are 1.22%, 0.90%, 0.61% and 1.32%respectively.There is significant difference in prevalence of ADHD among different age groups.ADHD prevalence is among 0.74% to 1.96% in the four districts.The lowest incidence in Yanbian region(0.74%), the highest incidence in Baicheng(1.96%). There is a significant difference in prevalence of ADHD among different districts.③The proportion of learning problem,conduct problem , mind-body problem, impulse- hyperactivity problem, anxiety problem is 75%,53%, 52%,31%,15% respec- tively. There is significant difference in proportion of mind-body problem, impulse-hyperactivity problem, and anxiety problem between different gender groups among students with ADHD. The proportion of impulse-hyperactivity problem and anxiety problem of male patients is higher than that of female patients. The proportion of mind-body problem of female patients is higher than that of male patients. The proportion of learning problem is the highest one in the problems of behavior among different gender groups and all age groups. There is no significant difference in proportion between different gender groups among students with ADHD.In 6 to 8-year-old group the proportion of learning problem is highest. There is significant difference in prevalence of learning problem and mind-body problem among different age groups. In 6 to 8-year-old group and 15 to 17-year-old group the proportion of mind-body problem is highest( 60%).In 6 to 8-year-old group ,9 to 11-year-old and 12 to 14-year-old the proportion of conduct problem is a little higher than that of mind-body problem. In 15 to 17-year-old group the proportion of mind-body problem group is a little higher than that of conduct problem.④By TRS the prevalence of ADHD is 2.49%, and the ratio male (1.31%) to female (3.61%) is 0.36 to 1. There is significant difference in prevalence of ADHD between different gender groups. 15 to 17-year-old group is the highest prevalence(5.72%).The prevalence of ADHD in the 6 to 8, 9 to 11, 12 to 14, 15 to 17-year-old groups are 0.95%, 0.59%, 2.53% and 5.72% respectively. There is significant difference in prevalence of ADHD among different age groups. ADHD prevalence is among 1.77% to 3.57% in the four districts .The lowest incidence in Yanbian region(1.77%), the highest incidence in Baicheng region(3.57%). There is a significant difference in prevalence of ADHD among different districts.⑤By TRS, the proportion of conduct problem, hyperactivity problem and inattention-passive problem is 70%, 46%, 29% respectively. The proportion of conduct problem is highest in all problems of behavior among different gender groups. The proportion of conduct problem and hyperactivity problem of male patients is higher than that of female patients, there is significant difference in proportion between different gender groups among students with ADHD. The proportion of conduct problem is highest in all problem of behavior in all age groups.There is significant difference in proportion among different age groups. In 6 to 8-year-old group the proportion is highest (92%). There is significant difference in proportion of hyperactivity problem among different age groups, in 6 to 8-year-old group the proportion is highest (66%). There is no significant difference in proportion of inattention-passive problem between different age groups.⑥According to PQS, TRS investigation were a total of 192 ADHD-positive people, by the Changchun Municipal. They were taked to hospitals and meet with specialists,the person total 147 people..After completing the interviews and filled DSM-ⅣDiagnostic Scale, ultimately diagnosed ADHD is 85.7% of the positive crowd . Children with ADHD-I is 69 cases, accounting for 54 percent; children with ADHD-HI is 34 cases, 27 percent; ADHD– C is 23 cases, accounting for 18 percent. There is significant difference in proportion among the three types.The prevalence of ADHD-I of male is higher than that of female, there is significant difference between different gender groups.Conclusion:①By PSQ the prevalence of ADHD is 1.00%, and the ratio male to female is 0.50 to 1. 15 to 17-year-old groups is the highest prevalence. The lowest prevalence is Yanbian, the highest incidence is Baicheng during the four districts.②The proportion of learning problem are highest in all problems of behavior among different gender groups and all age groups. In 6 to 8-year-old group the proportion of learning problem is highest. The proportion of impulse-hyperactivity problem and anxiety problem of male patients is higher than that of female patients. The proportion of mind-body problem of female patients is higher than that of male patients. In 6 to 8-year-old group and 15 to 17-year-old group the proportion of mind-body problem is highest.③By TRS the prevalence of ADHD is 2.49%, and the ratio male to female is 0.36 to 1. 15 to 17-year-old group is the highest prevalence. The lowest prevalence is Yanbian, the highest incidence is Baicheng during the four districts. The proportion of conduct problem are highest in all problems of behavior among different gender groups and different age groups ,in 6 to 8-year-old group the proportion is highest, male patients is higher than that of female patients. The proportion of hyperactivity problem of male patients is higher than that of female patients, in 6 to 8-year-old group the proportion is highest.④Assessment by the United States Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) to complete the assessment of ADHD. The ADHD positive person were taked to hospitals and meet with specialists,the person total 147, ultimately diagnosed ADHD is 85.7% of the positive crowd . The proportion of inattention-passive type is the highest,male patients is higher than that of female patients.
|
PDF Full Text Request