Influence Of Dietary And Lifestyle Of Second Trimester Pregnant Women On Birth Weight Of Newborns In Xiamen

ObjectiveWe evaluated dietary factors and lifestyle of second trimester pregnanct women and determine the effects of that on birth weight of newborns. What we did is to provide possible reference for prenatal intervention strategies and measure, persuade pregnancy to take rational nutrition and lifestyle, deliver normal weight newborns, decrease perinatal complication.MethodsThere was a retrospective study of a total of 1,109 healthy women with normal glucose tolerance, who delivered in the Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital during 2007-2008 to know the distribution of birth weight and its factors. Then, From January 2009 to November 2009, a final total of 440 women in the 24-28 weeks of pregnancy were randomly selected as subjects of a follow-up study. Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were used to evaluate food intake and questionnaires about lifestyle were finished on the scene. Following up subjects to delivery, anthropometric measurements of pregnant women and newborns and pregnant outcomes were taken. All data was coded uniformly, the database was established and conducted by SPSS13.0 statistical software package with t test, analysis of variance,χ2 test, linear-by-linear association, Binary logistic and multiple regression analysis.Relust1. In the retrospective study, low body mass index before delivery and premature birth were related to low birth weight. High Weight gain in second trimester and high body mass index before delivery were risk factors of macrosomia. As different blood glucose control before delivery, the rate of abnormal birth weight was no difference.2. Lifestyle made some improvement after pregnancy. Intakes of cereals, meat, beans, vegetables, were lower than recommended nutrient intake, and eggs and milk were appropriate, fish, fruit and fat were higher than recommended nutrient intake. Highest rate of folic acid supplementation, followed by maternal milk, calcium.3. The incidence of placenta previa andα-thalassemia was different in different glucose metabolism groups. Multiple regression and linear-by-linear association showed that height of pregnancy, daily meat intake, gestational age, prenatal uterus hight, abdominal circumference, neonatal length, and placental weight were positively related to birth weight. Engel index, smoking years, daily housework time and weight before delivery were negatively correlated with birth weight. Boy's weight were higher than girl's. Non-parametric test showed that exercise time, daily soup intake, intrauterine growth retardation, premature of rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, etc were statistically significant in different birth weight groups.Conclusions1. Overall diet quality of pregnant women in Xiamen was good, but the structure was not quite reasonable.They need appropriate increasing in cereal, meat, beans, nuts, different colors and types of vegetables and reducing in fruit, fish, fat and soup.2. Maternal height, prenatal uterus hight, abdominal circumference, gestational age, placental weight and birth length were positively related to birth weight. Engel index, daily housework time, exercise time and weight before delivery were negatively correlated with birth weight.3. Placenta previa andα-thalassemia may be risk factors for abnormal glucose metabolism. Diet and exercise guidance during pregnancy should be strengthen to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.