Study On The Relationship Between Environmental Factors, Nutritional Factors And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In Children

Objective:To investigate the effect of the environmental and nutrition factors on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) .Methods:By adopting a case-control design, the 202 cases of children with ADHD and 202 cases matched age and sex with ADHD group as the control group were collected. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition-text revision (DSM-IV) Published by American Psychiatric Association was used as the diagnostic criteria. Both of two group's parents completed the family social environment inventory, children's health inventory, and food consumption frequency questionnaire, while two group children were pumping blood to test blood biochemistry. Environmental factors, biochemical results, food intake and nutrient intake of two groups were analyzed by SPSS13.0.Results:1.The blood lead level of the case group was 74.43±23.54umol/L, and blood lead level of control group was 54.17±19.57 umol/L. The difference of two group in blood lead level was significantly (t=9.021, P<0.05); The blood zinc level was 83.23±11.43 umol/L, and blood zinc level of control group was 87.27±11.63 umol/L. The difference of two group in blood zinc level was significantly (t=-3.392, P<0.05). There were no statistics significance between two group in blood iron(Fe), calcium(Ca), copper(Cu), magnesium(Mg) level(P>0.05).The hemoglobin value of case group was 125.28±8.72g/L, and hemoglobin value of control group was 127.40±8.76g/L. The differences between two group's hemoglobin values were statistics significance (t=-2.384, P<0.05). There showed no significant between two group in the level of WBC, RBC, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(P>0.05).2. A bottle of pesticide using by six months, ADHD in family, premature birth, supported by grandparents or other people, beaten rearing, eating snacks, activities nearby the road is the risk factors for ADHD (χ2=15.013,P<0.05;χ2=5.497,P<0.05;χ2=7.791,P<0.05;χ2=8.007,P<0.05;χ2=13.849,P<0.05;χ2=6.807,P<0.05;χ2=8.866,P<0.05), Full-term normal delivery, supported by parents, persuade rearing was the protective factors for ADHD(χ2=10.242,P<0.05;χ2=7.177,P<0.05;χ2=20.421,P<0.05). By multiple forward conditional logistic regression analysis, non-polluting factory near home, premature, parent suppot, convince rearing, pet's contact, activity location, all of six factors is influencing factor of ADHD(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between parent suppot, convince rearing, activity location and ADHD; There was a positive correlation between polluting factory near home, premature, pet's contact and ADHD.3.Adjusted by the nutrient density model, comparing the intake of nutrient between case and control group, there was significance in intake of protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper between two group(t=-2.444,P<0.05;t=-2.033,P<0.05;t=-2.539,P<0.05;t=-2.731,P<0.05;t=-2.543,P<0.05;t=-2.126,P<0.05).The differences of intake of the other nutrients were not significant. By multiple forward conditional logistic regression analysis, magnesium element was the protective for ADHD(P<0.05).4. Comparing the food intake between case group and control group, there was no statistics significance in intake of aquatic vegetable, other livestock, poultry between two group(t=-2,242, P<0.05;t=-2.024, P<0.05;t=-2.350, P<0.05). In 142 kind of foods , the differences of the intake of soybean mile, the red bean, the pumpkin, the lotus root, the strawberry, the sirloin, the chicken, the butter, the yogurt, the vinegar, all of 10 kind of foods, had statistics significance between two group(t=-2.103, P<0.05;t=-3.224, P<0.05;t=-2.395, P<0.05;t=-2.276, P<0.05;t=-2.148, P<0.05;t=-2.256, P<0.05;t=-2.001, P<0.05;t=-2.340, P<0.05;t=-2.269, P<0.05;t=2.422, P<0.05). By multiple forward conditional logistic regression analysis, the poultry was the protective factor for ADHD(P<0.05); Among 142 kind of food, red bean and yogurt were the protective factor for ADHD(P<0.05). Conclusion:Environmental and nutritional factors had impact on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In environment aspect, non-polluting factory near home, premature, parent suppot, convince rearing, pet's contact, activity location were the influencing factors on ADHD. The intakes of nutrient of protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper in case group were less than that of control group. The intakes of food of aquatic vegetables, other livestock, poultry in case group were less than control group. Hence, comprehensive measures including treatment in environment and nutritional aspects should be taken on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal children, as soon as possible.