Unite Without Uniformity

This is a research paper talking about basic theory, and the question of aesthetic culturefeature of ethnic musical instrument which under musicology is the main research object. The comparative research method is the main research idea of this article, by this way the paper can make a comparison of aesthetic culturefeature of ancient Chinese pipa and guqin specifically, in order to reveal the the uniqueness of aesthetic culture of them ,the focal points is to reveal the difference between them.Based on an overall structure, the article is divided into three parts, introduction, body and conclusion. And the body part is divided into three chapters, conducting the comparative study of pipa and guqin on the aspects of aesthetic culture in implements, behavior and idea respectively. The first chapter compares and analyses the change characteristics of the model and regulation of pipa and guqin in their production, the development and the historical course of finalize the design, draw a conclusion that the guqin's shape is relatively stable and pipa's shape has undergoing a rheological process in history, and further analyzes the reason and the differences in the aesthetic features of souncls. The second chapter conduct a comparative analyses on the representative songs, play subject, accepted groups and circumstances, and point out the difference between these elements. The third chapter analyses the difference between the aesthetic orientation and value standard of pipa and guqin, pointing out that both of them have the requirements for colorful sounds, but guqin has"degrees"expressive restricted for all sorts of specific aesthetic expression. Power on the emotion and intention expression, pipa give priority to direct sentiment reveal, while guqin have the temperate and refined characteristics. What's more, they also have some difference on the whole aesthetic style localization.Finally, the article concluded that pipa and guqin have the aesthetic feature of unity without uniformity. The harmonious of pipa's specific performance are fusion, integration, harmonic, union and so on, and guqin's specific performance are the harmony of art and tao, heaven and man, affection and ambition. To put it briefly, pipa's aesthetic culture are suit both refined and popular tastes, while guqin always entrenched culture camps. However these two kinds of musical instruments have become the typical representative of national music culture, and the in-depth study of them has important theoretical and practical significance.The paper synthetically uses the knowledge of history, logic, musicology, sociology, culturology and aesthetics, adopts comparative method, literature research, induction and other research method, draws a targeted theoretical discussion combining the differences on the aesthetic culture of pipa and guqin, and integratem the author's independent thinking in the process of combing and contrast, obtaining some instructive conclusion.