Passive Choice: Gender Politics And Marital Pattern In Narration Of Modern Women Literature

As a special kind of social relation, marriage is not only restricted by social and economic conditions but influenced by social cultures, which is particularly direct and vivid in the field of literature. This paper, taking gender politics as breakthrough point, focuses on analyzing how gender politics controls value choice, psychological structure, thinking habit and fate in the future of the women in the love and marriage by studying the works of Zhang Jie, Li Ang, Zhang Ailing, Chi Li's.Section One Helpless Marital ChoiceWith the historical development, women are gradually eliminated in economic and political systems in which strength is regarded as the standard for social division. From man's point of view, man is the major while woman is just the accessory.With the centre of attention focuses on men and their activities, physiology differences also gradually shift to power and cultural differences, which appears gender politics. Men control the basic demand of women such as survival, security, love belongings and so on. In marriage, it is reflected as stipulation of selection criteria about female marriage.Firstly, the selection criteria of woman's marriage are prescribed by the family representative as a result of male chauvinism. All female counterparties are absent. Women are materialized as male interest symbols in marital choice.The women, such as Mo He and Ye Lianzi in Wuzi by Zhang Jie, Lin Shi in Shafu by Li'an, Si Qiwen in Rose's Door by Tie Ning, Cao Qiqiao in Jin Suoji by Zhang Ailing, all closed their marriage according to their father's, uncle's or brother's standards, as a result, they became materialized assets symbols in the marriage of male-dominated system.Secondly, at present, love and marriage is going without certain restriction. Even so, due to economic and cultural factors, the freedom of marital choice for women is still limited, and the standard of most women's marriage is still required to be male. Zeng Mengmeng, the heroine in Lingering Between Water and Fire by Chi Li. was finally paid allegiance to social value acceptation because the social value controlled her marriage without obtaining her feeling attached to recurrence billows. Tian Mei, the heroine in Water Goes with Sky by Fang Fang, had to endure her husband's coldness and indifference because she would have nothing at all once they divorced.Section Two Dissimilation of Marital PsychologyPatriarchy "is internalized into people's soul by strengthening the means of education, literature and religion, for which some women hate themselves, deny themselves and accept the view that they are second-class citizens" Soaked in this social culture, women's marital psychology has been dissimilated.One result brought by dissimilation is "all females were colonized, that is, bent to the oppression of patriarchy." When it is shown in the marriage, it's the enslavement psychology.Mo He and Ye Lianzi in No Words, took their husbands'"Do whatever they want" as granted. Tian Mei in Water Goes with Sky by Fang Fang is willing to help her husband to commit perjury. The females, mothers-in-law, in New Marriage Times, Double-sided Glue and Our Marriage are willing to help males to tame other females.The other result brought by dissimilation is female's fear and desire for male power. In the women's lives, the bitterness as well as their happiness comes from men. Because of the power, men make women fear, and also because of it, women desire to rely on men, for which some women "will attach importance to and insist on love for their husbands in their whole lives, no matter whether their husbands still love them, leave them or die."For example, Ye Lianzi in No Words by Zhang Jie hasn't deserted her husband, Gu Shuiqiu, regardless of the humiliation and persecution. Wu Wei fearlessly married Hu Bingchen in order to depend on males to defeat other males. Ah Su just paid attention to Gu Shuiqiu, also out of fear of male power and desire.Section Three The Pains of Current Marital StatusWith the advent of the age of knowledge economy which has replaced capital economy gradually, more and more females attend society and their subjective freedom becomes greater and greater. The inner desire of females has awakened continuously. When it's shown in the marriage, most females are not patient in adversity and don't endure endless any longer.When the women, such as the blind mother-in law, Mom Niuniu and He widow in Private Life by Chen Ran, Wang Yi, Wu Man in Expect Emotions by Pi Pi, Xiao Li, Lin Xiaofeng, Juanzi in Chinese Style Divorce by Wang Haiou, Zeng Mangmang in Lingering Between Water and Fire by Chi Li, are betrayed by their husbands and overpowered by patriarchy, they chose spiritual equality and freedom bravely and steadfastly. It means the times "regarding males as sun, impartial judges, all-powerful teachers, brave patron saint and embodiment of the truth" has gone for ever in their lives.Section Four Marital perspective In ExpectationThe women mentioned above challenge the reality and selfhood boldly and self-consciously, which makes us encouraged but not optimistic in the same time.Firstly, women are always in the submission of men consistently with long-term attachment and dedication, even take pride in the dedication and deposit it into a habit and a psychological structure. Meanwhile, the female wits are confined by a long narrow family perspective and trivial housework. "Liberation" is lack of internal motivation and ability mainly so that most women are repeatedly taking efforts of "being slaves always" with the fear of "cannot be slaves"For example, Wang Yi, in Expect Emotions, returned to her husband and family eventually.Secondly, many of the women's political rights, employment rights and the representation rights which are provided by the society are still inveracious and limited. In the modern patriarchal society, women's liberation is still a lack of proper space.As mentioned above, WangYi, XiaoLi, LinXiaofeng, JuanZi, Zeng Mangmang, and He widow, their husbands'reasons for derailment are the same amazingly, in "body", "heart" or both, that is, no matter which woman or no matter how many women they looked for outside of marriage, it does not conflict with the families and his wives, and even has no business with the wives. The dignity of women does not exist in their ideology at all. Therefore, the works of women who are struggling to hit can only die.For example, in Expect Emotions, XiaoQiao is dead, who is frank and wilfred, as well as superior to mundane affairs; The heroine Huang Suzi in My Beginning, My End by Fang Fang is dead, who regarded "male for female" anti-conventionally; In Fatal Flight by Lin Bai, Bei Nuo and Li Wo are dead, who use "sex" as a weapon to anti-control and anti-repress. That is "without the liberation of human natural existence and social existence, the liberation of the human spirit can only be a mirage, only to be a beautiful illusion."But, after all, "the status of women is the best standard to measure the degree of civilization of a nation" With the productivity development and progress of human civilization, the subjective and objective conditions of women's liberation are getting more and more powerful, therefore, we have every reason confidently to look forward to the good prospects of female marriage and the deep harmony of the future society.