The Study On The Spatial Pattern Changes And Landscape Ecological Effect Of Impervious Surface Area Surrounding Bohai Bay

Impervious surface area, defined as anthropogenic materials the water cannot infiltrate, is an important indicator to measure the zonal environmental quality, and is widely used in estimation of urban sprawl studies. It can not only affect the urban hydrological cycle, water quality, water environment and local climate, but also increases the heat island effect and rain island effect and threatens the whole local ecosystem health. So, it is significant to estimate the spatial patterns and changes of impervious surface area. With the advantages in timely and large scale, remote sensing has long been an important data source. The Landsat satellite data with mid-resolution are commonly used in impervious surface area studies. The success of the new satellite, Landsat 8, which carries an advanced sensor, offers the new imageries for impervious surface area studies. As the economic core region in China, Bohai Bay is sensitive to human activities with fragile ecological environment. Analyzing the spatial pattern and revealing the relationship among wetland resource, vegetation resource and impervious surface area, are significant to the urbanization process, regional economic integration and industrial structure rationalization in Bohai Bay.By reading a large number of references about remote sensing classification and impervious surface area extraction, the impervious surface area surrounding Bohai Bay coastal zone was extracted automatically based on the imageries of Landsat 5/TM and Landsat 8/OLI. The method that combined the MNF(Minimum Noise Fraction Rotation) with SVM(Support Vector Machine) method is used in this study. Under the spatial analysis of GIS, a series of work was done in this study:(1) estimating the spatial distribution of impervious surface area developed by regions, coastline buffer strips and industrial parks;(2) calculating and analyzing the spatial changes and the construction of the main industrial parks of impervious surface area during 2000~2013;(3) analyzing the landscape indices and the occupation of vegetation and other resources to clarify the eco-environment effect of impervious surface area expansion.The innovations were as follows: the new satellite imageries were used in impervious surface area extraction; in the processing, the pure pixels of saline alkali soil were selected artificially as the end-member, to remove the saline alkali soil from impervious surface area.The results show that the method in this study is efficiency and operability. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of TM and OLI imageries are 92.33%/ 0.80 and 95.06%/0.90 respectively, which can satisfy the need of the study; OLI imagery has an advanced improvement over TM imagery in color, details expression and super-saturation. Impervious surface area expansion is concentrated on offshore area along the coastline and the center metropolises inland; impervious surface area distributes as a reunite state. Inpervious surface area occupies great resources, i.e. about 464.32 km2 tidal-flat resource; there is no homogeneity completely between of impervious surface area expansion and vegetation decrease,especially in rural area compared with center metroplises. In the future, the hydrology environment will be taken into account with the results of our thesis.