Qidong Dialect Syntax Research

The Qidong dialect is a dialect spot in the Lou Shao dialect district of Hunan language family. This article takes the Qidong dialect grammar as the object of study,mainly uses distribution,ansformation,comparison,semantic characteristic,induction,and deduction,to describe grammar phenomenons from syntax,semantics,pragmatics,pronunciation,sometimes according to need,also uses cognition linguistics theory,grammaticalization theory and language typology to analyze and explain some grammar phenomenons,makes every effort to unearths some special grammar phenomenons and grammar rules in the dialect.This paper has four parts:The first part is about formation of compounds,we draw two conclusions from compound, additional,and superposition:First,the noun occupies the overwhelming majority in compounds by any formation way;Second,the tendency of making Qidong dialect glossary double syllable is quite slow,in other words,the scope of making Qidong dialect glossary double syllable is quite narrow, mainly stop over on the noun.The second part is about formation of morphology.There are mainly two kinds of morphology: overlap and additional.In overlap morphology,we described some morphology characteristics of overlaping of noun,adjective,monosyllabic predicate,classifier and "monosyllabic predicate + aspect mark";In additional morphology,we described some morphology characteristics of aspect particle and approximate particle.The third part is about lexical category of closure.This part mainly describes and analyzes some grammatical features of pronoun,numeral,classifier,adverb,preposition,structure particle and tone word.The fourth part is about syntax.This part mainly describes some characteristic on word order, syntax structure and special sentence.We can draw the following conclusion based on the analyses above that:(1) As a member of the Xiang dialects,there are have some similar grammatical phenomenons between Qidong dialect and the other members,but there are also a lot of differences.This indicates the impact of the neighboring dialect and its own development and innovation;(2) There are many gumammatical phenomena of the Qidong dialect which are very different from that of Mandarin while are similar to that of the south dialects.Some of them are the heritage of the ancient chinese obviously.