Study On Vulnerability Assessment Method Of Urban Surface Drinking Water Sources

Urban surface water source is not only an important infrastructure for urban's economic and social development, but also closely related with health and safety of people's lives. Water shortages and water environment deterioration, and other problems frequently arisen, many countries have begun water sources vulnerability assessment. However, domestic research in groundwater vulnerability assessment area was frequent, in surface water vulnerability assessment area was few, and systemic vulnerability analysis methods were lacked, especially the urban surface drinking water sources. In order to better protect the safety of water sources, the vulnerability assessment methods for urban surface drinking water sources need to be developed based on the home and abroad research.First of all, the concepts of the vulnerability, groundwater vulnerability, ecological system vulnerability, water resource vulnerability, and other vulnerability were analyzed respectively. Combining with the character of urban surface drinking water sources, the concept of vulnerability for urban surface drinking water sources was put forward, which lay a foundation for the following quantitative calculation of vulnerability.Secondly, based on the concept of vulnerability of urban surface drinking water sources, vulnerability form factors of the urban surface water sources were analysised, and according to the data availability, the vulnerability assessment index system was final determined, which including three indicators of first-level, fifteen indicators of second-level. With the indicator system, an evaluation model was established based on fuzzy theory, the index weight was determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the vulnerability of urban surface drinking water sources was quantificaive calculated by fuzzy matter-element analysis method.Finally, the vulnerability of Tianjin Yuqiao Reservior water source was analyzed based on the vulnerability assessment method proposed in this paper. Through information consult, annual precipitation, annual evaporation and other quantitative indicators of water source were determined; through field survey and expert scoring, the qualitative indicators were determine such as the propaganda dynamics of environmental protection, and the level of environmental protection work in Tianjin Yuqiao Reservior water source. Eventually, the result of the vulnerability of Tianjin Yuqiao Reservior water source was calculated, some improvement measures were provided to reduce the system vulnerability.A vulnerability quantificational analysis method of urban surface water sources was presented in this paper. This method can provide reference for the security protection by water supply department, and can provide theoretical guidance for the vulnerability reduction and risk control of water sources, so it has a certain practical value.