On Scientific Discoveries From The Perspective Of Feminism

Discovery of science is the important contents of scientific cognitive and the point of growth in scientific knowledge. It has an important position in the research of philosophy of science. The discussion between "context of discovery" and "context of justification" almost penetrates the whole history of scientific philosophy,from Logical Empiricism distinguishing "context of discovery" and "context of justification" and trying to eliminate "context of discovery" from their research horizon to "Social Constructionism" constructing the process of scientific research and deconstructing the "discovery of science" to Scientific Practice Study context research between "discovery" and "justification". With the connotation continuous riching and the outreach gradually expanding, the research of "discovery of science" becomes more and more complex and important. Feminism with the feature of postmodern criticism studies the important research field of "scientific discovery" from its peculiar gender perspective.This paper from the feminist perspective view respectively analyses feminist critiques of discovery of science in the traditional scientific theory, Constructivism theory and Scientific Practical theory. First, feminist consider that the traditional scientific theory is distinguished "context of discovery" and "context of justification" and trying to eliminate "context of discovery" from their research horizon because of the representativism characterization of the traditional science that leads to frantically pursue objectivity and rational. Based on critique of rational with "phallus centrism", Feminism replaces traditional objectivity with new explanation, such as "strong objectivity" and "situated knowledge". They asserted that the interaction between eliminating of Female subject and femininity with irrationality results in the tragic situation that "context of discovery" is part of the traditional science but not discussed.Secondly, feminist have taken up unique research about reflectivity. They replace reflectivity with the metaphor of diffraction hoping to develop their view on relationship of subject-object integration. Meanwhile feminist criticize that trepresentativism acquiesce in intersubjective self-evident and observe the validity among the content of knowledge and the subject of knowledge. They hold that standards of knowledge and the content of knowledge are validity and justification only in a particular historical community. Feminist consider that the subject of knowledge is not the universal human, but a community at specific time and situation. Based on further revealing intersubjectivity with the feature of masculine, feminist explain female subjects and its superiority.Finally, scientific practice study are trying to break through the traditional representativism dilemma by the interacting among various heterogeneous elements in scientific practice activities,and trying to replace the static representative idiom on science with the dynamic performative idiom. Thus, the feminist study of science views turned from static description on interconstruction between science and gender to dynamic research about the interacting among various heterogeneous elements such as gender, race and rank. As Scientific practice study emphasis on the research of local knowledge and the situation of knowledge, feminist perspective changed from "universal" to "local". They not only research science from local horizon also from local horizon review female identity. Thus, bringing about a new perspective of gender study, these researches not only enrich the contents of philosophy of science but provide new dimensions and new direction for the research of discovery.