Survey Of Environmental Health In Some Rural Areas Of Huaihe River Basin

Objective:To describe the farmers’ living environment in investigation area and toprovide information and basis for formulating environmental comprehensivemanagement plans.Methods:Seven counties were selected as the study areas in province of Anhui,Henan, Jiangsu. Two townships in each country and two villages in eachtownship were chosen as the subjects of household-spot observation andsurvey. A total of560farmer households were selected. The study wasimplemented by trained investigators according to formulated observation andpersonal interview outlines. We have Analyzed data and described the basicsituation of the household in some rural of Huaihe River Basin.Result：(1) Hygiene conditions: According to the survey, there were only28.2%of households overall sanitation in good conditions; Garden hygiene were poor,nearly half of the families livestock backyard, and there were livestockdroppings in30.2%of the courtyards surveyed;58.2%of householdsdiscarded their garbage randomly;47.9%of households discarded theirsewage randomly, and27.4%of households dropped their sewage into theditch and river directly.(2) Kitchens: Biomass fuels (wood or straw) and coal were still the maincooking fuel in the survey area, accounting for61.3%and40.4%; Thetightness of chimney were in good condition in18%kitchens.(3) Drinking water:66.8%of the households used shallow groundwaterin distributed supply, among them93.3%use manual-operating well.56.5%ofhouseholds use water containers,13.8%of them were in relatively poor state of cleanliness.66.7%of the wells located within20m from the toilets,47.5%of the wells located within50m from the ponds and.(4) Toilet: the households hardly had sanitary latrines.27.2%of thetoilets have no ceiling,46.1%were not cleaned up.51.4%of the householdshave urinal and only11.6%were cleaned up.(5) Agricultural production and relevant circumstances: Farmland mainlyuse of nitrogen, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, account for84.7%、89.3%and34.1%.97.6%of farmland spraying of pesticides.14.1%of farmland usemulching plastic and70.1%of the waste mulching plastic was not recovery.43.2%of the straw were used to compost and42.8%taken home.(6) The rivers around the villages were in poor condition.69.8%of thosepolled said that the quality of the river’s water was poor, and53.1%of themthought the contaminated water had an impact on their lives. According tosurvey, most people said the rivers have never been governed.(7) The villagers put forward their own suggestions for improve thesurrounding environment,24%of them recommended to improve roadconditions, followed were to improve the drinking water (20.4%), riversmanagement (15.8%) and garbage disposal (13.3%).Conclusion:(1) Household sanitation situation was not optimistic in survey areas.There is further room for improvement. There was a serious problem thatmany households discarded their sewage and garbage randomly.(2) The proportion of the availability of cleaner fuel was low, thetightness of chimney was in poor condition, if stay long term in thisenvironment, the health will be compromised.(3) The proportion of the households used shallow groundwater indistributed supply was high, and there were also some risk factors affectingthe safety of drinking water.(4) The toilets were in poor condition in the area surveyed. Feces piled upin the open air and without harmless treatment, which lead to the pollution ofthe environment, food, water and hand easily, the risk of the outbreaks of intestinal infectious diseases would increase.(5) Fertilizer and spray pesticides lack of scientific steering. Most of thefarmers do not understang the amount of the fertilizer and pesticide. Pollutionneed to be attention.(6) Rivers around the villages were polluted, and there was not effectivegovernance of the rivers. Contaminated rivers have a certain influence on thelives of the villagers.(7) Carry out rural environmental protection work and satisfy the needsof people based on the environmental improvement proposals raised by thevillagers.