| [Objective]1. The effects of age, gender, physical conditions, personality, family economic conditions and other demographic factors to the longevity of the elderly.2. The relationship between biological factors, as genetic, and longevity and the elderly.3. The effects of habits, diet and other behavioral factors to the longevity of the elderly.4. The effects of the social system, family environment, government policies and other social factors to the longevity of the elderly.5. Collect water samples in accordance with the standards in both urban and rural districts of Rushan City where the centenarians are concentrated, then perform the essays of samples in the Analyzing and Testing Center of Health in Shandong University. Study the relationship between natural environmental factors and the longevity by further analysis of traceelement.[Method]1. Survey staffs are divided into five groups, each of5to6people, to verify centenarians home to home according to survey of centenarians " and" questionnaire of the basic conditions of centenarians in Rushan City2. Authenticate the age of56centenarians by the logic relationships, childbearing history and related personnel proofs.3. Arrange the ordered outcome from questionnaire, bring in computer to form a database and process by SPSS16.0to generate charts, then study the effect of economic, social, health, diet and other factors to longevity.4. Collect water samples of both urban and rural districts of Rushan City where the centenarians are concentrated, and analyze the concentrations of traceelements by the application of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, pH meter and other equipment[Results]1. Verify56centenarians by the logic relationships, childbearing history and related personnel proofs,44of which have been reached or exceeded a hundred years.2. In the44centenarians,32female account for72.7%while12males account for27.3%and the average age is101.8years, of which the oldest is an108years female and the youngest is100years old.3.23centenarians has a family history of longevity, accounting for52.3%,14of which family has relatives aged80to90years old, accounting for31.8%, while9has family relatives reached the age of90to100, accounting for20.5%.4. Average height of female centenarians of Rushan City when young is158.9cm and the current average height is150.1cm. Average weight of these female is50.5kg when young and42.9kg now. Average height of male centenarians is170.3cm when young, while the current average height is163.2cm. Average weight of these male is64.2kg when young and57.4kg currently. Compared with the average level of Shandong Province, Rushan centenarians have smaller habitus.5. Centenarians are open-minded, peace-hearted, and sedate.69.7%of the elderly has extroverted personality,51.5%of the elderly has moderate temper.6. In Rushan City,90.9%of centenarians have never received any education, and have been engaged in agricultural production activities,80.7%of the elderly work in the farm till70years old, while61.3%work to80years old and21.0%to90years of age.7. Rushan City centenarians in this survey embrace a dietary of cereals and potato-based foods, achieving44.3-70.9%of the recommended amount of dietary pagoda. In the animal food, the primary eggs and milk, accomplish7.5-15.0%and13.0%of the recommended amount of dietary pagoda, while fish, shellfish and a variety of livestock and poultry meat reached11.9-23.8%and24.8%. Intake of vitamins reaches25.3-44.6%of recommended level, of which the highest niacin and vitamin E were44.69%and42.79%. To the minerals, manganese, phosphorus, selenium intake volume exceed50%of the standard, manganese to60.86%,, followed by phosphorus to56.48%, selenium to50.82%, and sodium intake is low,only reach13.84%of the recommended amount.8. Iron, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, strontium levels of drinking water in Rushan City reach or exceed â…¡ water quality as the National Groundwater Standard, while toxicological indicators such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and other content are low, and the pH value is between7.3to8.0, weakly alkaline. No water pollution, and comparing to concentrations of traceelements in drinking water from Jinan, Chengyang, Pingyi and Shanxian, potassium, magnesium, strontium content is in a same level, while copper, calcium, iron, zinc content is higher, and sodium, manganese content is relatively low.[Conclusion]1. Family history of longevity is an important physiological basis of centenarians, genetic factors provide centenarians natural advantages, which can be reflected in the survey. Types of longevity gene, screening studies, proportions of longevity genes in longevity factors are still to be studied further.2. The studies indicate that the first child has the longest life expectancy, followed by a second child.31.8%of centenarians in Rushan City are seniors in the siblings and13.6%are the seconds, which confirmed this point.3. The survey found that97percent of centenarians are native farmers engaged in agricultural production activities. With age added, they still earn their own livings. A long-term regular, moderate amount of work and well living, eating habits make them longevity.4. The majority of centenarians embrace good dietary habits, regular times, appropriate meat, vegetable, and salt, no choosy, no fulfill. A good eating habit contributes the longevity. As the essential vitamin E, niacin, selenium, manganese, copper, iron intake is relatively high, and the level of integration of vitamin intake can exceed more than50%of standard. Taking account of the characteristics of old age life, we can say that nutrient intake is sufficient to maintain life activities, but if the intake vitamin A, vitamin B, C and minerals calcium, potassium, zinc can be augmented, quality of life of centenarians may be further improved.5. Rushan government takes great importance to the elderly and takes it into the local economic and social development planning. All levels of governments do a lot of work to take care of elderly, so the whole city has an atmosphere of respecting elderly people, and elderly people get high life satisfaction.6. Rushan has a long tradition of respecting and caring elderly, the survey showed that92%of centenarians have filial sons and daughters or other relatives, taking meticulous care of their daily lives. Only three of the elderly, fully able to take care of themselves, insist on living alone. They said, family harmony, filial sons and daughters are important reasons for their longevity.44centenarians,61.4%of them live with four generations (four generations or more), consisting married children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren children together in one courtyard.7. Rushan City, government subsidies and supply from their children are most important economic source for the elderly. Children of97%centenarians declare the family economy in good condition, fully meet the daily needs of the elderly, in addition, each centenarian get a government subsidy of3,000yuan every year, which can effectively improve the economic situation of the elderly and children.60.6%of the centenarians in the new rural cooperative medical care, so medical advice and assistance may be provided to the health of elderly timely and quickly.8. Comparing to concentrations of traceelements in drinking water from Jinan, Chengyang, Pingyi and Shanxian, drinking water in Rushan City has a roughly equal content of potassium, magnesium, strontium, while copper, calcium, iron, zinc is relatively high, and sodium, manganese is relatively low. Although these trace elements only account0.05%of body mass, they play an irreplaceable role in the process of human health and longevity. |
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