Study Of Family Environmental Effect On The High School Students’ Resilience: From Parenting Style And Family Function Perspective

The Purposes of this study were to:1, discuss the application situation of CD-RISC among the high school studentsin China including reliability and validity test.2, investigate the current situation of resilience of high school students.3, explore family factors (parenting style, family cohesion and adaptability) forthe influence of resilience of high school students.4, based on the findings of the above researches, making suggestions for highschool students in counseling.Based on the above objectives, after reviewed existing resilience studies, andthen we chose 476 participants from a high school in Jilin City. The instruments usedincluded the Chinese version of Corner-Davidson resilience Scale(CD-RISC),parenting style questionnaire, family cohesion and adaptability scale(FACESII-CV).The obtained data uses the SPSS18.0 software on processing. The statistical methodsused to analyze the data were t-test, multiple regression analysis, correlation analysis,one-way ANOVA, and one-way MANOVA. The major findings were as thefollowing:1, the revised CD-RISC scale has good reliability and validity, which can beapplied in further research in a high school student group.2, for the resilience score, high school students’ resilience levels are almost thesame in three areas, including gender, urban and rural, one child family or not. For thedifferences between grades, grade four (returnees from senior high school graduate)are higher than grade two and grade three at the "control" dimension. For thedifference of parents educational level, we found that high school students’ resiliencescores are significantly higher when their parents get the middle level education. 3, for the parenting style part; there was a significant main effect on parental overprotection for gender. Male students feel more over protection from their parents thanfemale students. Parents’education level also brought about significant difference inparental warmth and understanding, parental rejection and denying dimensions. Withmiddle education level fathers always show more warmth and understanding to theirchild while less rejection and denying. However, higher education received mothersshow higher warmth and understanding to their children.Students feel significantly different parenting style between their father andmother that mothers get higher scores in warmth and understanding, over protection.55% of students feel that their mothers have more influence on themselves (father:35% others: 10%).Our research found that there was extensive relation between parenting style andhigh school students’ resilience. Parental warmth and understanding, parents overprotection was positively related to the development of students’ resilience. Theregression analysis revealed that mother’s warmth and understanding, mother’s overprotection can forecast their children’s’ resilience.4, for family cohesion and adaptability part: There is no significant difference ofthe cohesion score between this result and national norm data while for theadaptability part our results are relatively lower. It exists a gender difference that girlslooking forward to more cohesion and adaptability in families than boys. With thelowest education level parents always show the least family cohesion and adaptabilitythan other education lever parents.There was extensive positive relation between family cohesion and adaptabilitywith high school students’ resilience. From regression analysis result, family functioncan explain students’ resilience at 8%. The family environment facts includingparenting style, family adaptability and cohesion, parental level of education canexplain 21.2% of the high school students’ resilience in the male group, while 26.5%in the female group.In summary, we can make the conclusion that family factors can explain theresilience of high school students at a certain level. Teenagers can build up their strong resilience in the family environment with more warmth, support, needssatisfied, less punishment and neglect. The intimacy between the family members andflexible to adapt to family changes has a positive predictive effect on individualresilience. The result indicated that a moderate level of education (secondary level anduniversity level) is most conductive to the students’ resilience.Based on the findings in this research, suggestions for high school studentscounseling and further resilience study were provided.