The Effects Of Ruminative And Distracting Responses And Self-esteem To Depressed Mood On Retrieval Of Autobiographical Memories

Rumination and Distract are two kinds of different reactions for individuals to their own emotional. The study confirmed that individuals in a negative emotional state, rumination thought to maintain and exacerbate depressed mood while distraction can alleviate depression. This paper mainly reveals the rumination and distraction in a positive emotional state for the role of the individual emotional and their autobiographical memory, as well as the different influence of rumination and distraction on individual with different self-esteem level.This paper includes two studies, research a cluster sampling from Zhengzhou University Sports College include253first-year students chosen by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) on the filter and group, divided into normal subjects with depressive subjects, using2(response:meditation, distraction) x2(profile of mood states:positive, negative) x2(depressive state:normal, depression) three factors between-subject design. Depressive state, response style and emotional state are between-subject factors. Emotional self-rating scores and autobiographical memory for positive and negative index score was the dependent variable. Study of two cluster sampling from Shengda Economics Trade&Management College Of Zhengzhou University include486first-year students. At last283participants was chosen by the Rosenberg SES self-esteem scale and the BDI Depression Inventory, high self-esteem participants with low self-esteem participants of each76people, with2(response:meditation, distraction) x2(mood state:neutral, negative) x2(self-esteem levels:high self-esteem, low self-esteem) three factors between-subject design. Response style, emotional state and self-esteem levels are between-subject factors. Emotional self-rating scores and autobiographical memory for positive and negative index score was the dependent variable.The results showed thatThe response styles and the emotional state did not significantly affect mood in non-dysphoric. The response styles significantly affect the autobiographical memory of non-dysphoric. The non-dysphorics who completed the rumination task recall more negative autobiographical memory than that completed the distraction task.The transient mood state did not significantly affect the dysphorics’emotion state and autobiographical.The response styles significantly influenced dysphorics’emotion and autobiographical memory. The dysphorics who completed the rumination task have more negative emotional state and recall more negative autobiographical memory than that completed the distraction task.The response styles on high self-esteem participants had no significant effects on emotion and autobiographical memory.In neutral mood state, the response styles of low self-esteem participants had no effect on mood and autobiographical memory. In negative mood state, the response styles have significant influence on the low self-esteem participants. Individuals who complete the rumination task have more negative emotion and autobiographical memory than that complete the distraction task.