Laiyangshi Tic Disorders In Children Aged 4 To 16 Survey Between Urban And Rural Areas

Objective:To study the epidemiological features,family environment, behavior problems, psychological status of the parents, children’s subjective life quality and KAP (knowledge, attitudes, practice)of their parents and related factors in children with tic disorders(TD) among the children aged4-16years old in Laiyang city and countryside.Methods:Stratified cluster sampling was carried out to investigate TD in the children aged4-16years old in Laiyang city and countryside. By questionnaires and follow-up examination, the diagnosis of TD was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Mannual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria.Results:The prevalence rate of TD was1.70%, with2.43%in males and0.99%in females. The prevalence rate of transient tic disorders (TT), chronic motor or vocal tic disorders (CMVT) and Tourette syndrome (TS) were0.94%,0.57%and0.19%. The average age of onset in TD was (7.52±2.73) years old. TD children scored lower in family cohesion, intellectual-cultural orientation and religious emphasis in FES-CV than in control group children. In Achenbach Children’s Behavior Scale (CBCL), TD children aged6-11years old scored higher in poor communication, compulsive, social withdrawal, hyperactivity, aggression, infraction of discipline and the total scores than in control children (P<0.01), depression score also higher than control group children in males (P<0.05); depression, social withdrawal, hyperactivity, aggressiveness and total score were higher than control children in females (P<0.05). The children’s fathers with TD in interpersonal relationship, depressive, intolerance, psychoticism and total scores in SCL-90were higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) while mothers in compulsivity, hostility, psychoticism scored higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The children with TD in family life, peer interaction, cognitive component scored lower than the control group (P<0.05), while in school life scored lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). Only11.1%of the parents realized that TD was a nervous and mental disease,25.93%of the parents regarded it as the children’bad habit. Only7.41%of the parents thought they had understood the related factors to this disease.25.93%of the parents blamed their children due to the disease.33.3%of the parents believed that their children would cure without treatment while18.52%of the parents thought the disease could be cured after treatment.25.93%of the children had never visited doctors.44.44%of the children with TD attending for the first time were diagnosed with TD, a high rate of misseddiagnosis of40%.Only25.93%of the children regularly visited,22.22%of the children with TD were capable of timing and quantitative medicine taking.Only11.11%of the children still adhered to medication after the symptoms disappeared. Parents’ bad health, family events were related factors to TD.Conclusion:TD was not rare in the urban and rural children in Laiyang; the prevalence rate in males was higher than in females.TD children’s family environment was poor. And TD children were accompanied by more behavior problems.The parents’ mental status was poor. The subjective quality of life in children with TD was worse than that in control children. The parents of the children with TD in Laiyang had little understanding about TD.The rates of misseddiagnosis and misdiagnosis were high, with low frequency of visits. Several factors were related to TD.