| The international competitiveness of a country depends on its scientific and technological strength, while the discretion of the scientific and technological strength relies on talents and also the education. And then, the science education plays a key role in talents training. The science and technology of our country was backward in the modern times. In order to develop social economy and revitalize the country, there had appeared the trend of patriotic thought and practice of" saving the nation by education" and "saving the nation by science " during the period of the republic of China. In order to develop our country’s science education, many education talents improved students’ scientific quality of the primary and secondary school. There were a lot of education policies related to science education, such as The Teaching Rules and the Syllabus of the Primary School, The Rules of the National School, The Standard Program of the Primary School, The Rules of the Middle School, The Outline of the Curriculum of the National High School, The Rules of the Middle School. Besides that, they carried out the reform of the school system and curriculum, paid attention to scientific experiments and the development of science and engineering education.The reform of national science education is a reform which drew lessons from the experience abroad while combined with the reality of our own. Although there were many setbacks in the process of policy development, they still trained many science masters and made an important contribution to our country’s technology. It is worth to research the policy of the science education of the primary school and the secondary school as well as the good methods of science education during the period of the republic of China. Currently, there are many researches about the science education in the academic circle, but it pays a little attention on the national policy of science education. The paper researches the policy of science education during the period of the republic of China, at the same time, it also analyses the contents, features and effects of the policy. Also, the paper explained the influences and insufficiencies of the science education of that time. All of these are in order to give many pieces of advice on how to carry on today’s basic science education, and also to explore the significance of science education for scientific and technological talented persons training and science development.The paper consists of six parts. The first part is the introduction, it analyses the paper’s background, significance, methods and present situation.The second part generally introduces the influential factors of the science education of the middle school and the primary school during the period of the republic of China. In the political level, the nation was the capitalist society; the thoughts of democracy and science were spreaded widely. In order to improve the national strength, the government paid attention to the development of science and technology and also the capitalist education. In the financial level, the nation paid attention to industrial develop, it was badly in need for scientific talents. And then, the utilitarian education and the science and engineering education were used in the basic education. In the trend of thoughts level, a large number of modern patriotic scholars formed a kind of thought to save the national crisis with the development of " saving the nation by education" and "saving the nation by science", which improved the primary and middle school students’and the general public’s scientific quality by science education.The third and the fourth part provide a detailed analysis of the science education policy of the primary school and the middle school during the period of the republic of China. It also provides the development situation of the policy including several important reforms by the ministry of the national education, such as "The Educational System of Ren, Zi, Gui and Chou"," The Educational System of Ren, and Xu", and also "The Educational System of Wu Cheng". There were many different adjustments in the content of policy. For example,"science" replaced "nature" by" The Educational System of RenXu ", it expanded students’ knowledge. These policies are flexible, specific, foresighted, systematic and comprehensive. And they adjusted the educational targets and contents according to the social development and the students’ realities. The policy promoted the science education propagated the primary and middle schools’ science education in a great range and made a grate promote of teenagers’ scientific quality. The best of these students who continued on learning in higher school and then they became China’s famous scientists, such as Qian Xuesen, Li Zhengdao, Yang Zhenning,etc. The science education was getting more difficult to carry out for the unrest and the backward economy, the lack of science teachers, educational funds and scientific experiment equipments, which led to the students’ low scientific quality, and failed to fulfill the expected targets of science education.Sum up the paper by the fifth part. It summaries the primary and secondary schools’ science education and policy development, draws lessons from developed countries and puts forward the enlightenment from the science education policy during the republic of China. Such as establishing the policy systems of the science education, promoting the science education to be socialized, enhancing experimental teaching and cultivating scientific culture and also strengthening the training of science education teachers and talents.The sixth part is the peroration of the paper, it points out that the science education needs the training of creative thinking. The paper organizes methodically the policy documents of the science education of middle and primary school during the period of the republic of China at the first time and also analyses contents and characteristics with the methods of policy science. The paper expounds the intrinsic relationship between science education and the science literacy promote the scientific talents training and the science development during the period of the republic of China combining with the individual case. The paper fills the weak link of science education policy research and has a certain academic value. The paper summarizes the enlightenments and references of the policy of national science education to today’s primary and secondary school, and provides a decisive reference for the reforming of education institution and the references for the policy of the primary and sencondary school’s science education. |
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