Extraction of alkaloid was difficult only by water or ethanol, because alkaloid and cellulose was often combination quite strong in plants. In the process of extraction, HCl was added in immersing solvent, which can make the alkaloids dissolving out plant tissue as hyamine easily, improving the yield of extraction. On the basis of the Research Group, the method of acid inner ebullition was used to intensify the extraction of alkaloid.By taking zanthoxylum nitidum as the research object, this work came up with the method of acid ordinary pressure inner ebullition and acid decompressing inner ebullition to intensify the extraction of nitidine chloride, comparing acid inner ebullition with other method by HPLC fingerprint methods. The zanthoxylum nitidum alkaloid in the extraction solution was directly adsorbed by the cation exchange resin. The conclusions as following:(1) The extraction conditions were investigated according single factor analysis. The experimental results showed that the yield of acid ordinary pressure inner ebullition extraction of nitidine chloride was0.134%, when the powder of zanthoxylum nitidum was firstly immersed into4mL·g-1solvent, which was composed of80%ethanol and0.61%HCl and then was extracted by the16mL·g-1solvent composed of20%ethanol at82℃for4min. The yield of acid decompressing pressure inner ebullition extraction of nitidine chloride reached0.132%, when the powder of zanthoxylum nitidum was firstly immersed into3mL·g-1solvent composed of80%ethanol and0.61%HCl and then extracted by16mL·g-1solvent for3min, which was composed of40%ethanol at50℃, the operation pressure was0.020MPa. As little acid ethanol added in immersing solvent compared with the acid ethanol refluxing extraction, the extraction time was short, acid corrosion of equipment can greatly reduce, which basically solved the acid serious corrosion problems of equipment.(2) Through the HPLC fingerprint methods, the acid inner ebullition extraction was not only safe and reliable, but also higher extraction yield and purity, lower solvent consumption. So the acid inner ebullition was an ideal extraction process.(3) The extraction solution was treated by the cation exchange resin732. The adsorbed zanthoxylum nitidum alkaloid was desorbed in acid ethanol solvent by the assistant of ultrasonic. The desorption ratio, the yield of nitidine chloride and the purity of nitidine chloride were99%,77.7%and94.5%, respectively. The extraction solution was directly purified by the cation exchange resin and the yield of the nitidine chloride was improved24.2%.To expand inner ebullition’s application fields, demanded by enterprise, the inner ebullition method extracting nicotine from flue-cured tobacco was also studied. Experiment results showed that extraction of nicotine was obtained by wetting with70%ethanol followed by4min extraction with a15-fold volume of50℃hot water, when the operation pressure was0.019MPa. The extraction yield and purity of nicotine obtained after concentration was1.149%and2.13%, respectively. Compared to the water extraction and the tradition ethanol refluxing extraction method, the optimized method displayed a reduction in extraction temperature, extraction time, ethanol consumption and the risk during the extraction. After extraction, tobacco residue’s morphology and color was same with the original tobacco powder, it can be used as raw materials. |