The Mutagenic And The Estrogenic Activity Of Organic Compounds And Health Risk Assessment In Source Water And Finished Water From The Yangtze River And Taihu Lake In Jiangsu Province

Objective The Yangtze River and Taihu Lake provides the municipal water source for someparts of Jiangsu Province. It is significant to ensure drinking water safety for local economicand social development and the health of the residents, while there were few systematicresearchs of the organic matters in mutagnic and estrognic activity for the Yangtze River andTaihu Lake in Jiangsu Province. This study has investigated the level of mutagenicity andestrogenic activity of the non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) which wereconcentrated from the source water and finished water of Taihu Lake and Yangtze River fortwo years. The purpose of the investigation was to find out the intensity and variability of thelevel of mutagenicity and estrogenic effect of the source water and finished water of TaihuLake and Yangtze River. Furthermore, this study has analyzed the associations of theroutinely measured water quality parameters and mutagenicity in Taihu Lake and YangtzeRiver. Meanwhile, health risks of finished water and source water of Taihu Lake and YangtzeRiver were assessed. All of the research work could provide scientific basis for themanagement of water source and improvement of purification process in water factory.Methods A total of43source water and finished water samples were collected from October2010to March2012in WX and SZ areas of Jiangsu Province. The XAD-2resin was appliedto absorb the organic compounds in each water sample respectively. After the procedure ofelution, concentration and drying, non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) were obtained. The recombinant yeast estrogen screen test, SOS/umu test and the Salmonella mutagenicitytest were then applied to evaluate the estrogenic activities and mutagenicity of NVOCs ineach water sample. Based on the previous study, the associations of the routinely measuredwater quality parameters (NH3-N, UV254, temperature, COD, residual chlorine) andmutagenicity in Taihu Lake and Yangtze River were derived by multiple regression analysis.Meanwhile, the health risks of the water of Taihu lake and Yangtze river were assessed withhealth risk assessment model which recommended by the environment protection agency inUnited States.Results①A total of19source water samples were tested by Ames test without thecondition of S9, the positive rate of source water for Yangtze River and Taihu Lake was15.8％. Under the condition of S9, the positive rate of source water was10.5％. A total of24finished water samples were tested without S9, the positive rate of finished water forYangtze River and Taihu Lake was62.5％, and the positive rate of finished water fromTaihu Lake was52.6％. Under the condition of S9, the positive rate of finished water was25％. All the finished samples from Yangtze River were positive whether with or without S9.②A total of14source water samples were tested by SOS/umu test without the condition ofS9, the positive rate of source water in Yangtze River and Taihu Lake was42.8％; thepositive rate of19finished water samples was68.4％. Under the condition of S9, thepositive rate of10source water samples was10％, and the positive rate of11drinking watersamples was27％.③A total of19source water samples from Taihu Lake and YangtzeRiver were test by YES test, the positive rate of source water was89.5％, all the sourcewater samples of Yangtze River were positive, while85.7％of water samples from TaihuLake possess estrogenic activities. The EEQ values of source water from Taihu Lake were0-2.07ng·L-1, the EC25-E2were9.06-31.62mL; the EEQ values of source water from YangtzeRiver were0.69-1.15ng·L-1, the volume of EC25-E2were9.06-31.62mL. The estrogenicactivities of58.3％of the finished water samples were not detected after the treatment ofwater plants. The reduction rate about estrogenic activities of the water plants which collected source water from the Yangtze River were80.3％-100％and55.5％-100％ofthat from Taihu Lake.④The mutagenicity of NVOCs in source water of Yangtze river wasrelated to the COD（r=0.874，p=0.026），the mutagenicity of NVOCs in finished water ofTaihu Lake was related to the temperature (r=0.497，p=0.035),the mutagenicity of NVOCsin finished water of Taihu Lake was related to the UV254（r=0.703，p=0.001）.⑤The levelof health risks of source water and finished water in Yangtze River and most water samplesfrom Taihu Lake were10-4, and the health risk of Yangtze River in WX city was muchgreater than others(8.75×10-4).Conclusion①The level of mutagenicity of finished water samples which collected fromTaihu lake and Yangtze river in Jiangsu Province was higher than that of the correspondingsource water. The mutagenicity of source water and finished water samples from YangtzeRiver is stronger than that from Taihu Lake. Most of mutagenic matters in Taihu Lake andYangtze River were frameshifes directly mutagenic compounds.②The positive rate ofestrogenic activities of source water samples which from Yangtze River was higher than thatfrom Taihu Lake.④In the fields of detecting the water genotoxicity，the Ames test andSOS/umu test had a consistency of63.6％，and the SOS/umu test was more sensitivity thanAmes test.⑤The mutagenicity of NVOCs in source water of Yangtze river was related tothe COD, the mutagenicity of NVOCs in source water of Taihu Lake was related to thetemperature, the mutagenicity of NVOCs in finished water of Taihu Lake was related to theUV254.⑥The health risks of all the samples from Yangtze River and most samples fromTaihu Lake caused by chemical of carcinogens were beside the acceptable level whichsuggested by EPA（10-4~10-6）.