Analysis And Evaluation Based On Ecological Footprint In Beijing Improved Ecological Footprint Model

Nowadays, the ecological problems have become more and more serious inmetropolitan areas. The fragile ecological environment, huge ecological pressure andunique ecological problems of metropolitan areas attract many researchers studyingon it. The ecological footprint model is an important model of quantitative evaluationof ecological conditions and sustainable development capacity. Since born in1995,because of its simple calculation, easy to obtain index data, and rigorous theoreticalbasis, it has been widely used. But it also has many problems in the practicalapplication, especially lack of targeted analysis in some special areas, such asmetropolitan area of Beijing.Taking Beijing as the study region, this paper selectedthe date of biological resources production and energy consumption during2005to2011, improved the modelthrough the localization, the national hectare, and theintroduction of pollutants account and water resources account, calculated andanalyzed the ecological footprint. On one hand, it verifiedthe rationality ofthe modelimprovements by contrasted calculation results and the actual situation, on the otherhand, the calculation results can be used to evaluate of the current ecological situationof Beijing, so it can provide some referrals in the construction of ecological Beijing.The results are as follows:1. Improvement of the ecological footprint model1).Select the production rather than the consumption of the biology resources inthe computational of biology resources account, which can reflect the localization ofthe ecological footprint.2).Introducethe concept of national hectare, and calculate the production factorand the equilibrium factor of Beijing according to national hectare.3). Introducethe pollutants account and water resources account.2. Dynamic calculation ofthe ecological footprint of Beijing.1). The ecological footprint per capita of Beijing declined steadily during2005-2011, from0.310national hectares in2005to0.238national hectares in2011,reducing by23.2%during these seven years. The composition of the ecologicalfootprint changed little, basically, farmland accounted for about27%, fossil energyfor about50%, and the contamination disposal account was declining steadily,accounting for12.45%of the total ecological footprint in2011, fell by nearly7percentage points in2005. 2).The ecological capacity percapita of Beijing decreased slowly after a suddenlyincrease in2005-2006, and at last became0.138national hectare in2011, which grew36.4%in the seven years. So as to its construction, construction land and farmland isthe main component, the construction land accounted for about55%,and farmland forabout35%,while other types of land accounted for relatively small ratio,such as theland for water resources, which accounted only less than1%and seems to continue todecrease.3). The overall ecological deficit per capita of Beijing decreased steadily during2005-2011, from0.209national hectares in2005to0.100national hectares in2011,reducing by52%during these seven years.3. Analysis and evaluation ofthe ecological footprint of Beijing.1).The ecological footprint of ten thousand Yuan GDP decreasedfrom0.068national hectares to0.03national hectares steadily. Itcan be easily seen that theefficiency of energy and resource use in Beijing improved greatly.2).From2005to2011, the ecological pressure index is gradually decreasing,from3.06to1.73. Its safety situationchanged from extremely unsafe to very insecure,and the furtherdecreasing trend can be seen, which declares that in recent years, theecological security situation of Beijing has been improved, but in generalit’s not safeenough.3).From2005to2011, the ecological footprint diversity index of Beijing changeslittle, the maximum (1.2348in2006) and minimum (1.2071in2008) differsonly0.03.But it has been rising since three years again, which should attach enough importance.By means of the above calculation and analysis, this paper conducted apreliminary judgment of the ecological condition in Beijing, it considers that theecological condition of Beijing in recent years improved year by year, which can beseen because the ecological footprint, ecological capacity, ecological footprint per tenthousand Yuan GDP index showed improvement in some degrees, but the overallcurrent ecological footprint is still greater than the ecological capacity, the ecologicalsecuritystill need to be improved continually. From the perspective of development,control on the total population is very necessary. At the same time, this paper provesthe improvement of the ecological footprint model in this paper is suitable for thepractical situation of the international metropolis, such as Beijing, and it’s alsoapplicable for the level of city and region.