Modern Chinese Nominal Alleged Object Of Study

"Reference" in functional grammar is for the substantive components of speech. It means the context of specific communication. It is closely related to context, human cognition and syntactic forms. The reference of nominal objects in the predicate-object structure has been studied, but some problems still need further discussion. According to the linguistic knowledge, noun phrases appeared in syntax structures are first divided into referring expressions and non-referring expressions according to the linguistic knowledge. Referring expressions are divided into specific expressions and nonspecific expressions. Specific expressions are divided into identifiable expressions and non-identifiable expressions. In realistic language context, when the speaker expect the listener can identify a word as a known one or a few specific entities (including the real and the fictional), and use a specific language form to definite the terms referred to in the content, then this noun is specific. When the speaker don’t expect the listener definite the specific entity he is taking about, he use non-identifiable language form. The definiteness of noun phrases mainly determines to combined effect of language form and content.Based on the observation and analysis of the Chinese language, using methods of statistics, sentence transformation, induction and reasoning, description and explanation, we can find the characteristic of object definiteness in eight kinds of predicate-object structures. The object definiteness in common predicate-object structures:1)Common verbs has no special requirements for the object indefiniteness when take an object directly;2)Negation words reject non-identifiable quantitative phrases. The object of the predicate-object structure with a negation word is always identifiable;3) The overlapping verbs require their objects to be identifiable.4) double-object structure requires its first object to be identifiable and second object to be non-identifiable;5) Existing-appearing structures are divided into the existing structure and disappearing-appearing structure. The existing structure has no special requirements for the definiteness of the object. The disappearing-appearing structure requires its object to be non-identifiable. The object definiteness in the predicate-object structure with complements:1) the predicate-object structure with action-measure complement requires its object identifiable;2)The predicate-object structure with potential complement requires its object identifiable;3) Almost predicate-object structures with result complement have not special requires for its object definiteness. When the result complement is the word wan(完), the object is always identifiable or nonspecific;4)The predicate-object structure with a single trend verb complement has no special requirement for the definiteness of the object. The object definiteness of the predicate-object structure with compound directional complement is related to the nature of the verb and the location of the object:When V is an intransitive verb, the object is always identifiable; When V is an transitive verb,the object is always non-identifiable in①VC1C2+O and the object can be identifiable and non-identifiable in②V+C1+O+C2and③V+O+C1+C2.With the investigation and induction of objects definiteness in various predicate-object structures, we can cognize and think deeply think of the relationship between syntactic structure and objects definiteness. Also we can explore further the regularity of human cognition and language expression.