Pollution Risk Assessment And Spatial Optimization Of Livestock And Poultry Breeding In Typical Areas Of Jilin Province

With the gradual improvement of the control and management of industrial point source pollution in recent years, the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution has become more and more serious. Livestock and poultry breeding is an important part of agricultural production, the amount of pollution generated by it has been quite considerable, some pollutants yield even more than the total amount of pollutants in the industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, which has attracted great attention from the environment scholars and managers. The pollution prevention and management of livestock and poultry breeding is urgently needed.Production and migration of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding has the characteristics of randomness, uncertainty, hysteresis and space-time difference. Therefore, it is more difficult to supervise and control than the point source pollution. Source control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding, and reasonable planning of livestock and poultry breeding areas, may be an effective means to reduce the pollution. In consideration of the actual environment management demand of livestock and poultry breeding, this paper summed up a set of theories and approaches for studying risk assessment and spatial optimization of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding, and also conducted a case study of the typical breeding areas of Song-Liao River Basin in Jilin Province.(I) Theories and approaches study. Based on the analysis of the whole process of livestock and poultry pollution, the basic theories were summarized including sustainable development theory, watershed management theory, risk assessment theory and spatial optimization theory. This paper proposed that the spacial optimization of livestock and poultry breeding should take the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding as the core goal, and adhere to the principle of environment protection. The planning and management of livestock and poultry breeding should focus on scale farming, according to the relevant laws and regulations. The research steps were as follows: a) Through the analysis of the characteristics of the livestock and poultry breeding in study area, the typical livestock and poultry breeding functional areas were identified; b) Pollution risk assessment system was constructed from three aspects: source, transmission and receptor of livestock and poultry pollution, and the risk of livestock and poultry pollution in typical breeding area was evaluated; c) From the perspective of environment protection, considering regional natural suitability for breeding, the risk of livestock and poultry pollution, and natural reserves, the spacial optimization layout of livestock and poultry breeding were established including forbidden breeding area, restricted breeding area and suitable breeding area.(II) Case study. The typical breeding areas of Song-Liao River Basin in Jilin Province was taken as a case. Pollution risk assessment system was established by 13 indexes from 3 aspects, including the livestock and poultry pollution loads, transmission and suitability for manure application. Pollution risk assessment index was divided into 4 levels, and the risk assessment results of typical breeding areas showed that : a) Level 1 and Level 2 area with less pollution risk accounted for 1.75% and 34.99% of the total typical area, respectively; b) Level 3 and Level 4 area with high pollution risk accounted for 38.82% and 24.44% of the total typical area, respectively, which were the focus of pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding. Further research on spacial optimization showed that: forbidden breeding area, restricted breeding area and suitable breeding area accounted for 28.47%, 51.96% and 19.57% of the total typical area, respectively. Forbidden breeding area and restricted breeding area should be the focus of current livestock pollution prevention and control, and suitable area could be used as potential area for the future development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry.Above all, this paper conducted a set of theories and approaches for pollution risk assessment and spatial optimization of livestock and poultry breeding. In case study, the environmental impact of livestock and poultry breeding in the typical areas was evaluated, and the spatial optimization and the environment management suggestions were put forward in order to provide scientific basis for the relevant departments in livestock and poultry breeding pollution control, which was conductive to promoting the sustainable development of the local livestock and poultry breeding industry.