The Inflammation And Oxidative Stress Effect On Cardiac Muscle After Brain Death Of Pig By Increasing The Intracranial Pressure Slowly

Objective:This study aims to establish the ping brain dead model by increasing intracranial pressure slowly, which was compared with the animals anesthetized and combined with manifestations,in order to consummate animal brain death criteria and improve the brain death determination accuracy of pig. We can obserce the changes in Superoxide Dismutase1(SOD-1), Superoxide Dismutase2(SOD-2), Malondialdehyde (MDA),iInterleukin-6(IL-6) and Monocyte chemotactic protein1(MCP-1) both in the brain dead pigs and the pigs anesthetized. We can check the differential expression of Superoxide Dismutase’s mRNA in cardiac tissue.Cardiac pathological changes of myocardial cells can be compared by the optical microscope.Methods:6healthy Banna xiao er pigs are divided into control group(group C,3pigs) and experimental group(group E,3pigs) randomly. Both groups are done intravenous general anesthesia trachea intubation, then do the Tracheotomy, which can use the breathing machine helping to breathe, internal jugular vein catheterization and the sidelines colostomy surgery.On this basis, the control group only through the respiratory, circulatory support to maintain anesthesia1Oh. Experimental group, which is taked burr hole surgery to put Foley18F balloon catheter and intracranial pressure monitoring lead in brain on this basis, increased intracranial pressure caused by brain herniation to establish the brain death model maintain a10h and supervise changes in intracranial pressure continuously. Detail records of dosage, administration time, heart rate, ECG, blood pressure, urine output and changes in intracranial pressure during the experiment. The other experimental conditions are the same in the two groups during the experiment in addition to whether to establish the brain death model. The control group draw6ml venous blood at0.5,2,4,6,8,10h after modeling was completed in order to detect Superoxide Dismutase1, Superoxide Dismutase2, Malondialdehyde,iInterleukin-6and Monocyte chemotactic protein1. The control group draw6ml venous blood at0.5,2,4,6,8,1Oh after the brain death model was established to detect Superoxide Dismutase1, Superoxide Dismutase2, Malondialdehyde, iInterleukin-6and Monocyte chemotactic protein1. The experimental animals both of the two groups remove the respiratory, circulatory support after10h. Median sternotomy take subendocardial tissue to detect the expression of myocardial Superoxide Dismutase mRNA and myocardial cells by optical microscopy.Results:1.3animals of the control group are all survived in10h by respiratory, circulatory support.Experimental success rate is100%.3animals of the experimental group’s the successful rate of model of brain death is100%and the survived rate in10h is100%,too.2. Hemodynamic and strong heart the dosage of the drug:In the control group, no significant decline in heart function during the experiment. There are no significant changes in invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring.The blood pressure only fluctuate with changes of the depth of anesthesia. This group use no strong heart durgs and vasoactive drugs. With the gradual decline in heart function,the control group through the slow intracranial pressure method to establish the pig brain death model is at a low blood pressure stat, The invasive arterial blood pressure and heart rate are both decreased.Basal blood pressure can be maintain only by the strong heart durgs and vasoactive drugs,such as Epinephrine and Dopamine.3. Serum IL-6:The experimental group of brain death in serum IL-6levels were significantly increased after the first2h than the control group. Compare two groups have significant difference(P<0.05). 4. Serum MCP-1:The experimental group of brain death in serum MCP-1levels were significantly increased after the first2h than the control group. Compare two groups have significant difference(P<0.05).5. Serum SOD:Serum SOD levels were significantly increased in the experimental group than the control group after brain death. Compare two groups have significant difference(P<0.05).6. Serum MDA:Serum MAD levels were significantly increased in the experimental group than the control group after brain death. Compare two groups have significant difference(P<0.05).7. Myocardial tissue SOD-1mRNA and SOD-2mRNA:Experimental myocardial tissue SOD mRNA expression was significantly higher than the control group. Changes in expression levels were significant differences(P<0.05).8. Myocardial tissue by light microscopy:The control group showed no abnormalities. The experimental group showed myocardial interstitial edema, myocardial interstitial vasoconstriction, inflammatory cell infiltration, local visible necrosis of myocardial cell lysis.Conclusion:1. The application of the continuous improvement of intracranial pressure slowly law to establish the pig brain death model,more in line with the development of clinical brain death process, the effective breathing and circulation support, brain death can maintain stable state.2. The ambulatory EEG and ICP, what are used in the determination of brain death, are feasible in the experiments.3. The decline in cardiac function is an important pathophysiological characteristics of heart after brain death. Using non-brain-dead state as a reference,it can be better understand the significance of change circumstances under the state of brain death in cardiac function through analyzing and comparing the results of the two groups.4. The serum SOD, MDA, IL-6and MCP-1levels were significantly increased under the state of brain death.5. The SOD-1mRNA, SOD-2mRNA levels in the myocardial cells were elevated under the state of brain death.