| Background Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) have been one of the leading causes of deaths in the residents of China, causing heavy burden for their families and the society. Increasing prevalence of some behavioral and psychological factors is an important reason leading to increase NCD. A large number of evidence indicate that health promotion, which is an effective strategy dealing with NCD, can reduce unhealthy behavior and improve lifestyles in human population. Intervention targeting risk factors for NCD in enterprises can not only reduce NCD prevalence, medical costs and sick absenteeism for their employees, but also improve their work-related efficiency, which should become important functions and directions of health service development of the healthcare institutions. This study aims for identifying and evaluating their health risk factors and main health problems in its employees of a security corporation in Beijing selected by the study team, implementing intervention with health promotion program based on their needs for health, and evaluating effectiveness and adequacy of the intervention techniques one year after intervention.Objectives (1) To describe prevalence of risk factors related to NCD among employees of a security corporation in Beijing; and (2) to study if the intervention with a health promotion program can reduce risk factors related to NCD and improve awareness of knowledge of NCD prevention among them.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 321 employees of a security corporation in Beijing with a 《Questionnaire of Intervention for Health Risk Factors》developed based on the 《Questionnaire for Health Risk Appraisal of University of Michigan》to understand the distribution of risk factors for NCD and intervention effectiveness with a health promotion program according to the prevalence of NCD risk factors. The results of focus-group discussion were implemented for them with a quasi-experiment design. Effectiveness of intervention was evaluated by before-after comparison in 179 of 321 employees one year after intervention.Results (1) Among the 321 employees involved in baseline survey, there were 119 employees with unreasonable diet (66.10%),106 with less physical activity (33.76%),45 with cigarette smoking (14.29%),51 with alcohol drinking (16.19%),79 with overweight/obesity (25.90%),274 with more work stresss (86.16%) and 161 with poor sleep quality (50.79%).(2) There were 179 (55.76%) of the 321 employees involved in baseline survey voluntarily participated in end-point survey one year after intervention project for health risk factors. Among those 179 employees involved in both baseline and end-point surveys, proportion of employees with unreasonable diet reduced from 70.00 percent to 54.00 percent at baseline after intervention, with reduction of 16.00 percentage points (X2=7.5294,P=0.0061); and proportion of those with less physical activity reduced from 35.76 percent to 19.56 percent at baseline after intervention, with reduction of 16.20 percentage points (X2=17.1633, P<0.0001). Proportion of cigarette smoking reduced from 14.69 percent to 11.30 percent at baseline after intervention, but no reaching statistical significance was observed (X2=2.0000, P=0.1573). Proportion of alcohol drinking, more work stress and poor sleep quality reduced respectively by 1.70,2.26 and 2.76 percentage points, but no reaching statistical significanes of them were observed (P>0.05). Proportion of overweight/obesity increased by 0.60 percent, but still no reaching statistical significance was observed (X2=0.0476, P>0.05). Scores of health knowledge (S=-2959, P<0.0001) and awareness of recommended daily intake of dietary salt (X2=16.0556,P<0.0001) increased significantly after intervention in those employees involved in both baseline and end-point surveys.According to the number of health risk factors they occupied, employees can be divided into two groups, i.e., high health risk and low health risk. At baseline, there were 32 employees at low health risk (34.41%) and 61 at high health risk (65.59%), and at terminal, there were 50 at low health risk (53.76%) and 43 at high health risk (46.24%), indicating that the proportion of high health risk reduced significantly after intervention (X2=11.5714,P=0.0007).(3) Among these 179 employees involved in end-point survey,97 (54.19%) took health lectures organized by the health promotion program,126 (70.39%) had their blood pressure measured,122 (68.16%) read popular scientific readings, and 31 (17.32%) visited the corporation clinic for health counseling.There was a statistically significant difference in proportion of health risk factors between at baseline and at terminal surveys on these employees involved at least one item of activity of intervention program, proportion of unreasonable diet reduced from 75.00 percent to 56.80 percent at baseline after intervention (X2=8.5333, P=0.0035); proportion of less physical activity reduced from 35.48 percent to 17.42 percent at baseline after intervention (X2=19.600, P<0.0001). Proportion of cigarette smoking reduced from 16.77 percent to 11.61 percent at baseline after intervention(X2=4.000, P=0.0455). Among those employees participated in any activity of intervention program, their scores of comprehensive health knowledge after intervention increased significantly in compared with those before it (S=-2545, P<0.0001), and their awareness of recommended daily intake of dietary salt was improved significantly (X2=17.8525, P<0.0001). No significant association between drug using due to minor illness and prevalence of health risk factors and level of health risk in the employees was observed (all P>0.05).Conclusions (1) More work stress, unreasonable diet, poor sleep quality, less physical activity, overweight/obesity, alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking are all health risk factors degressively among the employees surveyed of a security corporation in Beijing.(2) No statistical significant association between drug using due to minor illness and health risk factors, nor that between drug using due to minor illness and level of health risk, among the employees of a security corporation in Beijing was observed, but there is an association between drug using due to minor illness and their age and marital status among the employees. The proportion of drug using increased with the increasing of employees’ age. The married employees use more drugs than unmarried ones.(3) Proportions of unreasonable diet, less physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, more work stress and poor sleep quality reduced all after one-year intervention, with statistical significance in reduction of unreasonable diet, less physical activity and cigarette smoking. Proportion of overweight/obesity increased, but no reaching statistical significances of which were observed, suggesting that the intervention with a health promotion program can improve their self-perceived overall physical health, reduce their health risk, and improve awareness of knowledge of NCD prevention in the employees.(4) Knowledge of reasonable diet and nutrition, adequate physical activity, NCD prevention and psychological care are needed for the employees. Reduction of health risk factors and improvement in health knowledge level can be similarly achieved by varied interventions, which can reduce prevalence of unreasonable diet, less physical activity and cigarette smoking and improve level of health knowledge. |
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