| Objective:This study aims to carry out an epidemiological investigation about self-rated health status of the traffic police in Guangdong Province, comprehensively analyse and evaluate the current health status of traffic police in Guangdong province from the aspects of physical, mental and social health. To explore the main factors affecting the health of traffic police, to construct the influencing factor model of health status of traffic police in Guangdong province, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the traffic police in Guangdong province to improve and promote their health status. It will provide reference for relevant departments to formulate correlated policy.Subjects and methods:1. SubjectsTake the traffic police in Guangdong Province as the subjects, using stratified random sampling method to choose 1000 traffic police from Guangzhou, Foshan, Shenzhen, Zhongshan in Guangdong province for a self-rated health field survey.2. InstrumentsIn this study, we take Self-rated health measurement scale version 1.0 (SRHMS V1.0) as the core, and Short Form 36 Health survey Questionnaire (SF-36) as criterion, combined with the general factors, lifestyle, working conditions and experiences etc, to prepare "Health Questionnaire for traffic police in Guangdong province ".The SRHMS V1.0 is a quantitative measurement scale about self-rated health which is developed by Jun Xu and his teammates. Based on WHO’s definition on health, they developed the scale by rigorous process including Delphi expert consultation and spot investigation. This scale reflected the real meaning of self-rated health more comprehensively, intuitively and accurately from the quantitative aspects. In recent years, it is widely used in all kinds of people, which showed good reliability and validity.SF-36 is an universal scale which is developed by the Boston Health study Department for measuring quality of life. It includes a total of 10 projects,36 items, and is divided into eight dimensions. SF-36 was widely used in all kinds of people’s quality of life determination and evaluation, health policies and clinical trial effect evaluating etc, which showed good reliability and validity. This study uses it to evaluate the criterion validity of SRHMS V1.0.3. Methods(1) Data collection methods①Literature analysis:Based on the extensive reading of the literatures about health assessment and health management, we summarize and analyse the main factors affecting the health status of traffic police.②Spot investigation:To design questionnaire on health status of traffic police for field survey, in order to explore the relationship between the occupational exposure factors and the health status of traffic police.(2) Data analysis methodsBuild up the database by Epidata 3.02, and process the data by SPSS 20 and AMOS 17.0 after double entry check and other verification. Bilateral inspection level α=0.05.①Reliability and validity analysisIncluding Cronbach’s a coefficient, Pearson correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and so on. These statistical methods are mainly used for the reliability and accuracy evaluation of the scale applied to evaluate the health status of the traffic police in Guangdong Province.②Descriptive analysisIncluding frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and so on. These statistical methods are used to describe the general health status of the traffic police in Guangdong province.③Univariate analysis and multivariate analysisIncluding two independent samples t test, univariate variance analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, and so on. These statistical methods are used to analyze the influencing factors of self-rated health status of traffic police, and build the model of influencing factors of health effects for traffic police under occupational exposure.(3) Quality control methodsThis study comes from the Science and Technology project of Guangdong province (No.2012B031500008). We design the investigation in strict accordance with the project design scheme, to ensure that the overall research is scientific and reasonable.In order to complete the task of investigation successfully, we establish a cooperative research group under the leadership of investigators and hold a unified training before the survey. Before testing, the investigators have to explain methods and precautions to fill with the scale. And the respondents should complete the questionnaire according to their real situation independently. If there are special circumstances, the investigators will read the contents of the questionnaire to the respondents and let them make self assessment. In any cases, the investigators could not give prompt to the respondents.At the end of the investigation, the questionnaires should be taken back by the member who is responsible for the area. After that, the questionnaires will be analyzed logically and selected beforehand. The completion rate of less than 80%, the completion of quality is not high (all the answers of the questionnaire are copied, or complete copy of two questionnaires) were excluded.Results:1. This study issued a total of 1000 questionnaires.907 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate is 90.70%.2. Reliability and validity analysis of SRHMS V1.0 adopted in evaluating the health status of the traffic police in Guangdong Province(1) Reliability analysis①The split-half reliability:The Spearman-Brown correlation coefficient is 0.804. Guttman coefficient is 0.802.②The internal consistency reliability:Cronbach’s a coefficient of SRHMS V1.0 is 0.942. Cronbach’s a coefficient of physiological health, mental health and social health sub-scales are 0.866,0.896 and 0.917.(2) Validity analysis①The criterion validity:The Pearson correlation coefficient of total scores between SRHMS V1.0 and SF-36 is 0.783, P<0.01. Pearson correlation coefficient of Physical safe-rated health sub-scale and the 18th item is 0.648, P<0.01; Pearson correlation coefficient of Mental safe-rated health sub-scale and the 34th item is 0.623, P<0.01; Pearson correlation coefficient of Social safe-rated health sub-scale and the 47th item is 0.692, P<0.01; Pearson correlation coefficient of the total score of SRHMS V1.0 and the 48th item is 0.702, P<0.01.②Construct validity:Ⅰ. The correlation between the contents of each item, dimension and sub scaleThe correlation coefficient of each item with its dimension is larger than that with other dimensions, which is 0.473 to 0.926. Each dimension score and its subscale is a strong correlation, whose correlation coefficient is 0.588～0.937. And correlation between each dimension score and other subscales is poor. The items, dimensions and sub-scales of SRHMS V1.0 are basically reasonable.Ⅱ. Exploratory factor analysisAppropriate analysis results show that the KMO statistic is 0.932. The result of Bertlett ball type is P<0.001, which prompts that the data is in accord with the basic premise of factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that most of the factors of SRHMS V1.0 are above 0.5, which indicated that the factors were independent of each other. In addition, the nine factors comes from the exploratory factor analysis are the same with the theoretical scheme of SRHMS V1.0. Except the role activity and social adaptation falls in the 1st and 9th factors, physical symptom and organ function falls in the 7th and 8th factors, all the items of the remaining dimensions fall on the same factor. This indicates that SRHMS V1.0 has a good factor structure.Ⅲ. Confirmatory factor analysisIn order to verify the construct validity of SRHMS V1.0, the initial structural equation model was established according to the professional knowledge and the scale structure. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation, the path coefficients of the initial model are obtained, and the initial model is modified according to the fitting and evaluation results, and the final model is obtained. Final model fit index, χ2/df= 2.683, IFI= 0.911, TLI= 0.900, CFI= 0.911, RMSEA= 0.063. It indicates that the model fitting effect is good.(3) ReactivityThe highest score of SRHMS V1.0 and physiological self-rated health, mental self-rated health and social self-rated health three sub-scales are all 100, the lowest score of which are respectively 20.15,27.35,20.00,17.50. The proportion of the one who gets the highest or the lowest score is small.3. SRHMS V1.0 scores of the traffic police in Guangdong provinceIn this study, SRHMS V1.0 score of the traffic police is (66.48±14.52). Among 3 sub-scales, the score of physiological self-rated health sub-scale is the highest, which is (71.49±14.84). The score of social self-rated health sub-scale is in the second place, which is (6.735±17.74). And the score of mental self-rated health sub-scale is the lowest, which is (60.08±17.22). Among nine dimensions, "daily life function" got the highest score and "psychological symptoms and negative emotions" got the lowest.4. Analysis of influencing factors of the traffic police’s self-rated health in Guangdong Province(1) Univariate analysis of self-rated health status of the traffic police in Guangdong ProvinceThe differences of the traffic police’s SRHMS V1.0 scores between different social demographic factors such as age, marital status, type of work, police age, place of residence, living conditions, family income per month, the average daily working time, outdoor work time were statistically significant (P<0.05).Lifestyle factors, such as smoking or not, drinking habit, the habit of eating breakfast, nutrition, diet, noon break, sleep time, exercise, staying up late and so on, have a significant effect on the traffic police’s SRHMS V1.0 score and scores of 3 sub-scales of physiological self-rated health, mental self-rated health, social self-rated health. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Occupational factors, such as job position, high/low temperature, protective measures, noise, air pollution, violence, job stress, job satisfaction, family identity and so on, have a significant effect on the traffic police’s SRHMS V1.0 score and scores of 3 sub-scales of physiological self-rated health, mental self-rated health, social self-rated health. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).(2) Multivariate regression analysis of self-rated health status of the traffic police in Guangdong ProvinceStepwise regression analysis showed that the job position, job satisfaction, air pollution, sleep time, family identity, nutrition, police age, diet, exercise and protective measures 10 variables have significant influence on the dependent variable TS (P<0.05).5. Suggestions(1) Self health care of the traffic policeTo guide the traffic police to establish a sense of self-health care, cherish life, cherish the body, and strive to practice the healthy way of life.①Rational diet. The traffic police have to remain standing posture for a long time at work. A lot of energy will be used. So, they should not only be abstinent, regular and omnivores, but also pay attention to the balanced nutrition and thickness match.② Moderate exercise. Reasonable, appropriate, scientific exercise is the simplest way to promote and maintain health. Traffic police, who has heavy tasks in work, is not suitable for too much strenuous exercise. Aerobic exercises which are with low intensity and low difficulty are more suitable.③Smoking cessation and alcohol limitation. Smoking will undoubtedly hurt the respiratory system and has serious damage to the health of traffic police. They must stop smoking as soon as possible. To promote physical and mental health of the traffic police, scientific drinking should be encouraged.④Daily routine. Guide the traffic police to develop scientific timetable, conform to the biological clock and develop regular sleep habits. Strike a balance between work and rest. Ensure 7 to 8 hours of sleep time every day. Do not stay up late. Take replenish sleep at lunch time.⑤Psychological balance. Guide the traffic police to learn to adjust their emotions and defuse the pressure, so that they can maintain a positive and optimistic attitude. Adhere to good exercise habits, through whch they can ease fatigue, release pressure and communicate with families and friends. The traffic police should maintain a happy state of mind and try to learn new things to enrich their lives.⑥Positive for help. Traffic police should learn to face up to pressure. When you cannot adjust it by yourself, you should try to actively seek help from family and friends. With their understanding and support, you will be able to release the pressure and restore peace of mind. Sometimes you can also seek help from psychological doctor social workers.(2) Health interventions from the organizationsThe relevant departments should create a good working and living environment for the traffic police, reduce their burden, pay attention to their psychological and social health, and organize them to participate in recreational activities, physical examination, and gradually improve their health level.①To increae and allocate police force reasonably. To meet the needs of traffic management, it is necessary to determine the number of positions in accordance with people, in order to realize the police number optimization. At the same time, the relevant departments should strengthen the traffic police on duty law enforcement training, and constantly enhance the traffic police team’s operational capacity, law enforcement and comprehensive quality. Enhance the police force by enhancing the quality.②To provide protection measures for traffic police. To equipped the traffic police on duty with necessary protective facilities and equipment, such as umbrellas, masks, propaganda, reflective vest, police vehicles, and so on. And teach them how to use the protective equipment.③To optimize the holiday system and implement the regular physical examination. For one thing, the vacation system for the traffic police should be guaranteed; For another, a regular physical examination system of traffic police should be implemented, in order to ensure early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment.④To improve the promotion mechanism and the enthusiasm of the traffic police. On one hand, the talents evaluation mechanism should be improved and then a fair competition mechanism will gradually be formed. Offer more opportunity for excellent people to show themselves and reward outstanding person in time. On the other hand, humanized rewards should be appropriately joined in the implementation of quantitative incentives.⑤To strengthen the legislation and protect the legitimate rights of the traffic police. On one hand, the legislative branch should study as early as possible and introduced the relevant legal provisions, to maintain the image of the traffic police and create a good law enforcement environment. On the other hand, our country should further perfect the compensation system for the traffic police who has disability or misfortune or sacrifice on business,.⑥To expand the traffic propaganda, reduce the conflict of law enforcement, enlist popular support. Carry out various forms of propaganda and education through multiple channels. Make the people especially drivers raise their consciousness of traffic safety and let them maintain the traffic laws and regulations. Then conflicts between drivers and law enforcers will be reduced.⑦To care and help the traffic police outside of work based on life. Subscribe to newspaper and magazine for the traffic police. To held on health knowledge lectures regularly. Provide access to health knowledge for the traffic police. Organize sports and recreational activities, in order to train team spirit, and comprehensively improve the health level of the traffic police.Conclusion:1. SRHMS V1.0 is applicable to self-rated health status evaluation of Guangdong province traffic police. It has good reliability, good validity and reaction degree.2. The total score of SRHMS V1.0 is 100. SRHMS V1.0 score of the traffic police in Guangdong province is (66.48±14.52). Score of physiological self-rated health sub-scale is the highest, social self-rated health sub-scale is in the second place, And the score of mental self-rated health sub-scale is the lowest. It indicates that we should improve the health status of traffic policemen in Guangdong province from the psychological and social aspects of health.3. Univariate analysis shows that social demographic factors such as age, marital status, type of work, police age, place of residence, living conditions, family income per month, the average daily working time, outdoor work time, etc.; Lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking, eat breakfast, nutrition, diet rules, afternoon rest time, sleep, exercise, staying up late, etc. Occupational exposure factors such as working position, high/low temperature, protective measures, noise, air pollution, violence, job stress, job satisfaction, family identity, etc. have a significant effect on the self-rated health status of the traffic police in Guangdong Province.4. Multivariate analysis shows that the influencing factors of self-rated health status of traffic police in Guangdong province involves:job position, job satisfaction, air pollution, sleep time, family identity, nutrition, police age, diet, exercise, and protective measures.5. According to influencing factors of self-rated health status of traffic police in Guangdong province, countermeasures and suggestions to improve the health situation of traffic police in Guangdong province are put forward. |
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