| Objective:The purpose of this paper is to understand the distribution of enterprises with occupational hazard factors in Jilin Province and to grasp the current situation of occupational health management in enterprises.Through analysis,find the weak links in the occupational health management of enterprises,and explore the possible causes,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in Jilin Province.Methods:The data comes from the national survey system of occupational hazards in2020,including enterprise basic information,occupational hazards information and occupational health management information.This paper collates and analyzes the survey data of occupational disease hazards of enterprises in Jilin Province in 2020,and uses Excel to sort out the data.The data analysis uses IBM SPSS 24.0,using chi-square test to compare the differences of occupational hazard project declaration,occupational hazard factor detection,occupational health examination,occupational health training and so on among enterprises in different regions,industries,scales and economic types,the statistical difference was expressed by P < 0.05.Results:1.This study investigated a total of 6868 enterprises and 530310 employees in Jilin Province,including 4536 enterprises with occupational hazard factors,mainly in manufacturing,private enterprises and small and micro enterprises;160615workers were exposed to occupational disease hazard factors,mainly in manufacturing,state-owned enterprises and medium-sized enterprises.2.There were significant differences in the application rate of occupational disease hazard projects in different regions,different industries,different economic types and different scale enterprises（P < 0.05）.According to different regions,Jilin City has the highest application rate of 69.1%;according to different industries,the mining industry has the highest application rate of 72.0%;according to different economic types,the application rate of enterprises in Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan is the highest,83.3%;according to different scales,the application rate of large,medium,small and micro enterprises decreases with the decrease of enterprise scale,and the application rate of micro enterprises is only 32.9%.3.There were significant differences in occupational health training in different regions,different industries,different economic types and different scale enterprises,including the training rate of enterprise of leaders,the training rate of occupational health managers and the training rate of workers exposed to occupational hazards（P< 0.05）.According to different regions,Jilin City,Yanbian Prefecture and Baishan City have higher training rates;according to different industries,the mining industry has the highest training rate;according to different economic types,the training rates of foreign-funded enterprises and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan enterprises are high;according to different scales,the training rate of large,medium,small and micro enterprises decreases with the decrease of enterprise scale,and micro enterprises are the lowest.4.There were significant differences in the detection rates of occupational hazard factors among enterprises in different regions,industries,economic types and sizes from 2017 to 2019（P < 0.05）.According to different regions,Baishan has the highest detection rate of 43.0%;according to different industries,the detection rate of mining enterprises is the highest,58.8%;according to different economic types,the detection rate of Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and foreign-funded enterprises is higher,and the detection rate of private enterprises is the lowest,which is 21.0%;according to different scales,the detection rate of large,medium,small and micro enterprises decreases with the decrease of enterprise scale,and micro enterprises are the lowest,only 10.1%.There were significant differences in the over standard rate of places and posts with different hazard factors（P < 0.05）,both of them are physical factors with the highest over-standard rate,followed by dust.5.There were significant differences in occupational health examination rates among enterprises in different regions,industries,economic types and sizes from2017 to 2019（P < 0.05）.According to different regions,Baishan City has the highest inspection rate,49.4%;according to different industries,the inspection rate of mining industry is the highest,56.4%;according to different economic types,the inspection rate of foreign-funded enterprises and enterprises in Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan is higher,and the inspection rate of private enterprises is the lowest,19.3%;according to different scales,the inspection rate of large,medium,small and micro enterprises decreases with the reduction of enterprise scale,and that of micro enterprises is only 9.9%.There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of physical examination among workers with different risk factors（P < 0.05）,among them,the abnormal rate of dust workers is the highest（0.5%）,followed by physical factors（0.4%）.6.There were significant differences in occupational health training rate,detection rate of occupational hazard factors and occupational health examination rate among enterprises under different application conditions（P<0.05）.The occupational health training rate,detection rate of occupational hazard factors and occupational health examination rate of enterprises applying for occupational disease hazard projects were significantly higher than those of the undeclared enterprises.Conclusions:A total of 6868 enterprises were investigated,and 4536 enterprises had occupational hazard factors.The conclusions are as follows:1.There are many enterprises and workers exposed to occupational hazards in Jilin Province,and they are widely distributed.2.The application rate of occupational disease hazard items,occupational health training rate,detection rate of occupational hazard factors and occupational health examination rate may be affected by region,industry,economic type and enterprise scale.3.The occupational health management of enterprises in Jilin Province needs to be further improved,private enterprises and small and micro enterprises are their weak links,which need to be prevented and controlled.4.The occupational health management level of the enterprises applying for occupational disease hazard projects is significantly higher than that of the enterprises not applying for them. |
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