| Objectives:To investigate in latrine-improved villages in Beijing and understand the current of latrine construction, use and management of the latrines. To find out the problems and analyeze the influencing factors. This could provide proposals for the next steps of latrine-improvement.Methods:By using cross-sectional study,40 administrative villages with household latrine improvement were randomly sampled. Interview the village cadres and the contents included the latrine conditions and environment conditions in the village. The 20 households were randomly selected from every village and the total of 800 were selected. Understand the current and problems in environment condition and sanitary latrines. The data were managed and analyzed by statistical software Spss’17.0 and the statistical method involved Chi square test, t-test, logistic regression and life tables.Results:1. Most of the latrine improvement projects were launched from 2004 to 2009, and nowadays 80.60% in total (include external population) keep using sanitary latrine.65.30% in all the latrines are three-septic-tank latrines,15.30% are other types sanitary latrines, and 19.40% are non-sanitary latrines.2. In terms of the living environment,66.36% of the households have tidy situation,28.46% are medium, and 5.18% are poor; 97.75% of the households store rubbish with garbage barrels, and the other 2.25% store rubbish with garbage pools; 55.75% of all discharge sewage with sewer,26.88% use seepage wells,2.25% pour waste water casually.3. In terms of the latrine types,96.71% of the inhabitants who had latrine improvement now still use sanitary latrines.76.89% were built in their yards; 84.22% were built by villages’construction team uniformity; the average service life is 7.8 years. In terms of fecal cleaning, hiring fecal suction truck, fertilization and sewer occupy respectively 42.30%,28.79% and 19.95%.4. The flushing methods involve high-pressure flushing devices, tap-water devices and scooping-water and the percentages are respectively 45.71%,27.15% and 23.86%.3.28% do not flush latrine. In terms of the sanitary condition of the latrines, 85.98% have no fecal exposure and 80.81% have no stink. We find the the sanitary condition is related to the the types, positions, service lives and flushing methods.5. The percentage of the inhabitants who have repaired the latrines is 8.63% and the parts were mostly toilets and septic tanks.21.75% have reconstructed the latrines and the reasons were mostly building new houses.6. The percentage of the major structures which are intact is 73.36%, and the damage rates of toilet rooms, septic tanks and toilets are respectively 13.89%,10.98% and 6.82%. The terrain, builders, position and service life have influences on the major structure.7. The percentage of the high-pressure flushing devices which are fine is 38.87%, 16.49% are faulted, and 44.64% have been stopped using. The fixings which often break down are springs and pistons. The main reason of stop-using is device damage.8. The percentage of the inhabitants who are satisfied to the sanitary latrines is 82.13%, and 36.73% of the inhabitants are satisfied to the high-pressure flushing devices. Inhabitants are more satisfied to latrines which have intact structure, tap-water flushing devices, shower facilities and sewers.9. There are 170229 families who have no sanitary latrines,121880 toilet-rooms, 96346 storage tanks,28348 toilets and 200333 sets of high-pressure flushing devices are broken.Conclusions:1. The penetration rate of sanitary latrines is high, but some non-sanitary latrines exist in mountainous and remote areas; sanitation is basically good, though there are some problems in sewage discharging.2. Some main parts and flushing devices are broken and some inhabitants cannot use latrines in right ways so the sanitary effects are influenced.3. The satisfaction of users is good, but they are disappointed to the flushing devices..4. The influencing factors to the situation of latrines includes types, position, service lives, flushing methods, terrains, builders and freezing conditions; the influencing factors to degrees of satisfaction includes latrine conditions, flushing methods, shower facilities and sewers.5. Beijing needs to improve the non-sanitary latrines. They also need to repair the storage tanks and high-pressure flushing devices of sanitary latrines... |
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