Research On The Minority Area Education In Southwestern Hunan During The Republic Of China

The Southwest Hunan minority areas, including the Jing County, Huitong County,Suining County, Chengbu County and Tongdao County, is the channel aggregation of Miao, Dong, Tujia, Yao and other ethnic minorities and the ethnic population accounts for the majority of the local population. Since ancient time the culture has been difficult to taught and transformed the local people, and the education has been inherited with the Pingtang a national characteristics method. Since the Song, the government has been strengthened rule and education in these areas. As a result the Confucianism flourished and the Imperial Education that based on free schools,community schools, colleges, and private schools were constantly developed. In the end of the Qing Dynasty, the traditional education mode and content was not able to keep up with the tied of the world because the invasion of Westerners and the decline of the national power. However, the new faculties were established and the education system was improved to taught the modern knowledge during the ten years of the late Qing. The Southwest Hunan minority areas followed the tied and built new primary school on the basis of traditional education unites and achieved certain results. After the Republic of China, these primary schools converted to Republican Schools under the initiative of the government. As a result the quality of the schools and students were increased.After the Northern Expedition, the Kuomintang unified China and it encouraged the primary school education and each counties focus on the primary schools education. The constant development of the primary education gave birth to the teacher Education, secondary education, adult education and women’s education in the Southwest Hunan minority areas. After the break of the war, the education in the Southwestern minority areas ushered in a peak period of development as lots of schools, intellectuals and businessmen moved to inland. However, after the war, the Kuomintang provoked the civil war and situation was worsen throughout the country.The education in the Southwestern Hunan minority areas suffered serious impact and reducing the number of students.Giving a full sight to the Republic of China, Southwest Hunan minority areas have undergone a transition from tradition to modern. The education mode developed from basic education to secondary education and then social education. The path ofdevelopment shows budding new education, development, flourishing and decline characteristics.