Taxonomic Studies On Fallen Dead Wood Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes From Six Provincfes In China

Southern China is a unique geographical area,it spans several climate zones,covers much tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems,the parts of tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems,is the special geographic ecological area in our country,there are many different kinds of plants and fungus resources is rich.Hyphomycetes are saprophytic fungi that live on deadwood and decay leaves.This study mainly researched population of dematiaceous hyphomycetes which collected from some area of south China and observed in detail.Aimed to enrich the species resources of dematiaceous hyphomycetes,and it will be helpful for further scientific research about the species diversity.This research aimed to survey the population of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from decay wood on genus and species level from south of China and utilize and protect the species diversity of China.A total of one thousand specimens were collected from many representative sites in Fujian,Henan,Hainan,Guangxi,Hunan and Jiangxi provinces.The specimens were brought back to the laboratory in the sterile plastic bags and were examined directly while it is still fresh and moist under the dissecting microscope or incubated in the moist boxes.From these collections,twenty-five taxa at species level are described and illustrated which belong to twenty-five genera.Among them,one taxa is identified as a new genus,four taxa are identified as new species,seven taxa are regard as the new records for China,thirteen taxa have been reported in China.All genera and species are fully described and illustrated morphologically.One taxa is a new genus,there is Capsicispora mycophila J.Y.Wang,Yu M.Cai & X.G.Zhang?Four taxa are new species.They are Blodgettia saprophytica C.L.Yang,Z.Li & X.G.Zhang?Phaeomonilia nanningensis C.L.Yang & X.G.Zhang?Podosporium bacilliforme J.Y.Wang,Yu M.Cai & X.G.Zhang?Endophragmiella jiulingshanensis H.H.Li & X.G.Zhang?Seven new Chinese record species.They are Botryomonilia scheeleae Goos & Piroz.?Calceispora hachijoensis Matsush.? Camposporium ramosum Whitton,McKenzie & K.D.Hyde ? Craspedodidymum abigianense Lunghini & Onofri ? Paratomenticola lanceolata(Cooke)M.B.Ellis?Phaeoblastophora peckii(Sacc.& P.Syd.)Partr.& Morgan-Jones?Uberispora tropicalis Bhat & W.B.Kendr.?Thirteen Chinese known species.They are Anacacumisporium appendiculatum Y.R.Ma& X.G.Zhang ? Beltraniomyces lignicola Manohar.,D.K.Agarwal & Rao ? Catenularia kalakadensis Subram.& Bhat?Cladosporiopsis ovata Sh.C.Ren & X.G.Zhang?Dendryphion comosum Wallr.?Dendryphiopsis atra(Corda)S.Hughes?Digitoramispora excentrica(B.Sutton)R.F.Casta?eda & W.B.Kendr.? Diplococcium pulneyense Subram.& Sekar ?Minimelanolocus endospermi Jian Ma & X.G.Zhang ? Moorella monocephala Matsush.?Neosporidesmium micheliae Y.D.Zhang & X.G.Zhang ? Phragmocephala atra var.stenophora S.Hughes?Spadicoides rostrata Jian Ma & X.G.Zhang?All specimens examined are deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology,Shandong Agricultural University(HSAUP)and Mycological Herbarium,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(HMAS).Anamorphic fungi is an independent taxonomical group,its taxonomic studies is mainly based on morphological characteristics of the asexual stage.However,the criteria used for genera or species delimitation has a difference due to mycologist keeping different taxonomical views.Based on continuing study of dematiaceous hyphomycetes occurring on dead branches,and carefully reading many documents,we summarized and put forward the criteria of taxonomic studies of dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes.The taxonomic classification of dematiaceous hyphomycetes that saprobes on dead branches or rotten wood should be mainly based on the morphological characteristics from the natural substrates.Culture feature and sporulation pattern can be used as a necessary complement for identification.The type of conidiomata,the method of extension of conidiogenous cells/conidiophores,and conidiogenous pattern are key to distinguish hyphomycetes at genus level;the characteristics of conidiogenous loci,the mode of conidial secession(schizolytic/rhexolytic)and outstanding features such as euseptation/distoseptation,solitary/catenate are occasionally used as the criteria for identification at generic level;the branching pattern of conidiophores,shape of conidiogenous cells,presence of sterile setae and stroma,and other features are also useful to distinguish a few genera.Conidial morphology including shape,size,pigmentation,septation,ornamentation and appendage are the basic criteria in distinguishing species.Among similar species,thecommon,outstanding conidial morphological characteristics are also help with genera circumscribed.The presence or absence,the forming sequence and position of septation are also considered as one of criteria in distinguishing species or genera for different species or genera that have stable differences.For the criteria of distinguishing species,conidial shape,conidial size and septation are regarded as primary criteria,and conidial appendage,pigmentation and ornamentation are usually as second criteria.