Study On The Current Situation Of The Marine Environment And Marine Economy In Jiangmen

As one of the biggest marine cities in China,Jiangmen has a special superiority of marine resources.However,a variety of marine environmental problems emerges with the rapid development of the economy.In order to prevent further deterioration of the marine environment,and to make reasonable and sustainable uses of marine resources,we studied the current situation and the relationship of marine environment and marine economy of Jiangmen,in this way we hope to provide scientific and theoretical basis for sustainable development of this area,even to other places.In this study,data were collected by literature review,field investigation,site monitoring,forum discussion and laboratory analysis.Data were analyzed by Excel 2010,SPSS 20.0 and R 3.3.3 software.Additionally,the model of Environmental Kuznets Curve(Environmental Kuznets Curve,EKC)was inplemented to investigate the relationship between the marine environment and the marine economy.The main results are as follows:(1)The current situation of Jiangmen marine economyGenerally,the gross domestic product of the marine industry has a steady growth.Meanwhile,the marine industry structure kept a constant change and upgrade.In 2015,the gross ocean product of Jiangmen reached 94.8 billion yuan,accounting for 42.32% of the city's gross domestic product.The top three gross ocean product of marine industries in Jiangmen were coastal tourism(35.82%),marine biopharmaceutical industry(24.87%)and seawater utilization industry(14.73%).(2)The current situation of Jiangmen marine environmentThe seawater in the offshore area of Jiangmen is mainly polluted by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the year of 2015.The concentration of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in Huangmao sea almost reached or surpassed the fourth class of seawater quality standard.In the spring and autumn,the main pollutant of Guanghai Bay was inorganic nitrogen of which the concentration was beyond the fourth class of seawater quality standard.Zhenhai Bay was seriously polluted by inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in autumn and winter of which the concentrations were also reached or surpassed the fourth class of seawater quality standard.The concentration of inorganic nitrogen in Chuandao sea area was the fourth class of seawater quality standard in autumn.The quality of sediments in the coastal waters of Jiangmen was good.The contents of sulfides,organic carbon,zinc,mercury,lead and petroleum in the sediments met the first class of marine sediment quality standards.However the arsenic content in sediments fell to the second class of marine sediment quality standards.Chromium,copper,cadmium contents also met the criterion of the second class of marine sediment quality standards in some sea areas.As for the mainland pollution resources,the total emissions of all COD,nitrogen and phosphorus in Tanjiang River decreased.As for the marine pollution resources,shrimp mariculture contributed the major part to the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.(3)Environmental capacity of Jiangmmen offshore areaThe marine environmental capacity of COD was larger than other pollutants in Jiangmen.Also,the marine environmental capacity of petroleum in the Yamenkou area of Huangmao sea was larger too.However,the marine environmental capacities of active phosphate and inorganic nitrogen in this area were very limited.What's more,there was barely any marine environment capacity of active phosphate and petroleum in the Guanghai Bay and Zhenhai Bay area.And the inorganic nitrogen content far exceeded in these areas without any marine environmental capacity.In Chuandao area,the marine environmental capacity of active phosphate was large,but there was no marine environmental capacity for inorganic nitrogen and petroleum in the area.(4)The relationship between marine environment and marine economy in Jiangmen CityIn the EKC analysis,the EKC of Jiangmen was a “inverted N” shape instead of a typical “inverted U” shape.The EKC of annual discharge of industrial wastewater and per capita GDP in Jiangmen has crossed the inflection point.And the discharge of annual industrial wastewater decreased with the increase of per capita GDP at present.However,the EKC of annual domestic sewage discharge and per capita GDP in Jiangmen has just crossed the inflection point between 2014 and 2015 and still needs more time to verify the effects.It is clear that the government of Jiangmen should strengthen the environmental policy to promote the downward trend of the curve.