Analysis,Prevention And Governance Of Environmental Problems In Middle-small Coal Mines

In the past,the environmental resources did not enter the economic system of mining area,it’s difficult to quantify the environmental capacity so that the environment is deteriorating and the environmental resources is more and more scarce;Mineral resources are closely related to environmental factors such as air,noise,land,water,vegetation etc.Large scale exploitation of resources will pose a direct threat to the environment.Therefore,the technical innovation of resource exploitation and mine environment coordination has become the inevitable demand of the society.According to the above requirements,the coal enterprises which take the coal mining as the main production activity take on the new mining area construction task: "Safety in coal production" and formation of "Coordinated development of coal development and environment".Become green ecological mining area and harmonious mining area.This is the a typical small coal mine in Shaanxi,taking the environmental protection and green mine construction of Xinglong coal mine as an example,basing on the monitoring and investigation of natural ecological environment and geological environment around the mining area in recent years,through the way such as site visits,site investigation,field test and laboratory test,combined with related research methods,make basic evaluating of the environmental factors such as air,noise,land,water and vegetation,try to optimize the evaluation indicators and methods of environmental factors,try to quantify the capacity of some environmental factors in the mining area and to revise the development and utilization plan of the mining area according to the quantitative standards.The main results are as follows:1:In small and medium sized coal mines like Xinglong coal mine,theair and sound pollution in coal production process is small.The pollution capacity of the waste rock is small.By watering to the waste rock,increasing the rate of water content of the waste rock and green space,the waste rock has little effect on the surrounding air environment.Take noise silence for the noise source toeliminate influences.2:For utilization of waste rock,the waste rock are designed to make bricks,generate electricity or fill the subsided area.The utilization rate of the waste rock is 100%.3:The technology of wastewater discharge and water treatment is relatively simple,and the technical content is low,which can only meet the basic standards of green coal mine construction.It should be designed to remove the oil,filter and precipitate in deep mine shaft,and to introduce the technology of mechanical filtration,activated carbon filtration,fine filtration,reverse osmosis and disinfection.Well as using the water treatment technology locally,and combined with iron and manganese removal device.4:Long term observation points should be set up in the ground collapse,and different treatment methods should be adopted according to the predicted surface deformation value and actual observation results.In the area of the earth’s surface subsidence,the waste rock can be backfilled and collapsed,and the ecology can be gradually restored,which can not only reduce the influence of the waste rock on the environment,but also manage the subsidence area.By the ground deformation monitoring,we can found and backfill the ground collapse timely,then restore the vegetation.5:By the "basic conditions ofnational green mining",mainly from the three aspects of energy-saving and emission-reduction,ecological construction and enterprise culture construction.We need rational exploitation,optimization layout,development of science and technology,perfect mechanism.