Study On The Universal Quantification Expressions Of Translated Sutra In East Han Dynasty

Quantification is a certain range of numbers to limit the statement obects when we express a proposition, and the expression of the range is named quantification expression.The universal quantification expression is the words and structures which have the function of expressing the universal numbers.and it consists of the universal quantification words and the universal quantification structures that limit all the statement obects.There are a large number of thesises that study on the universal quantification words in modern Chinese,such as "suoyou(??)""yiqie(??)" "dou(?)" and so on. Through these thesises, we found that although the academia got a lot of achievements on the study of the quantification words, most of studies concentrated in the individual cases study, and limited in modern Chinese.So there are not so much studies of the universal quantification expression system in ancient Chinese. While they used the Buddhist literature inevitably when researched the source of universal quantification meanings of "suoyou(??)""yiqie(??)" "dou(?)”Through searching the literature of these quantification words, we found that a large number of common universal quantification words used in modern Chinese emerged in the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty, such as "suoyou(??)""yiqie(??)'and so on.As a translation literature, the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty not only has the influence of the original language, but also because of the limited knowledge of the audience, the words of the Sutra is close to the spoken language. We consider that the using of these universal quantification words are related to the special nature of the translated texts of the East Han Dynasty. So we will study the universal quantification expressions of the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty, through the construction of the universal quantification expressions system, deepen the understanding of the universal quantification expression profile of the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty, provide more research datas for the research of Buddhist Chinese and Chinese lquantification.According to the previous research results, the universal quantification expression system consists of words and structures. The universal quantification words are classified into four categories,collective reference distributive reference,arbitrary reference and entirety reference.Both of collective reference and distributive reference include determiners adverbs.The universal quantification structures consist of five kinds of structures formed by negative, interrogative, quantifiers, antisense sememe and unconditional conjunction. In this framework, the second and the third part of this paper describe the universal quantification expressions of the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty quantitatively and analyse them qualitatively. At the same time, we will research some special expressions by using the Sanskrit Sutra and different translations,and study the resource of these words. In the fourth part, through the contrast of Chinese local literature and the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty in the universal quantification expressions,we will reveal the characteristics of the Translated Buddhist Sutra,and explain it in some perspectives such as language contact, the absence of Chinese quantification expressions, re-analysis etc.We find that the syntactic position of some universal quantification words in ancient Chinese changed in Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty,such as "dou(?)" "doulu(??)" "xl(?)""yiqie(??)"and the semantic content of some words in ancient Chinese expanded and changed into universal quantification words, such as "suoyou(??)" "gan(?)" "he(?)" "sui(?)" "ci(?)".Moreover, according to the translator, the Translated Buddhist Sutra in East Han Dynasty is divided into six categories, which are stuied respectively and analysed about the translator's style.And we consider Dunzhentuoluo suowen rulai sanmei sutra, which lost the name of its translator, is similar to the sutras tranlated by Zhichen mostly.