The Study On The Fuctions Of "Ge(?)?Di(?)?A(?)" In The Dialect Of The Upper Ningxiang Of Hunan Province

The Dialect of the NingXiang of Hunan Province can be divided into two parts:the upper NingXiang dialect and the lower NingXiang diatcet.The research of grammar of NingXiang dialect in the past tend to see NingXiang dialect as a whole but to some extent neglected the differences,especially some grammar phenomenon which reflects the transitional characteristics is not well excavated.In this paper,the three multifunctional words “Ge(?),Di(?),A(?)” in the Ningxiang dialect are used as the breakthrough point,based on the detailed usage of the three words,they are compared with the related words in Lou-Shao district and Chang-Yi district,with a view to discover the transitional characteristics of Ningxiang dialect on the grammar.In addition,in combination with dialects other than the Xiang dialect,we can also find a grammaticalization chain among these functions.This grammaticalization chain is a common phenomenon in many Chinese dialects.Therefore,the research of this article is also for this o provide more support for the linguistic facts which is general.There are eight chapters in this thesis:PartI:Introduction.Firstly,introducing NingxiangCounty's geographi cal and cultural and historical evolution.Then,the paper briefly reviews the general situation of Ningxiang dialect and the distribution of “Ge,Di,A” in other dialects and the related research.Finally explained the purpose of this study,significance and methods,and described the phonetic system of Ningxiang dialect.Part II:The multi function of “Ge(?)” in the upper Ningxiang dialect.This chapter mainly describes the multiple uses of “Ge” in Ningxiang dialect.The “Ge” in Ningxiang dialect has the usage of quantifier,demonstrative and structural auxiliary.When used as a quantifier,“Ge” may express an individual amount,it can be used to measure people,time,and place,and sometimes can be used to measure ordinary things.“Ge” can also represent the amount of non-quantitative and the amount of species.When used as demonstrative,“Ge” has both a directive and an alternative.If that the degree of trait or action mode,it does not mean far and near;if that person or thing is generally expressed near.In that means can be defined on behalf of the fixed and the class means.When used as structural auxiliary,it mainly used as adverbial mark and complement mark.Part ?: The multi function usage of “Di(?)” in the upper Ningxiang dialect.This chapter is a comprehensive record analysis of “Di” which can be used as quantifiers,demonstrative and structural particle in the upper Ningxiang dialect.“Di” just can be used as indefinite quantifiers which is most commonly used in the upper Ningxiang dialect.As an indicator pronoun,“Di” just indicate the complex number of definite things,do not distinguish between far or near,does not have a generation function,it must be combined with the nominal component in order to serve as a syntactic component in the sentence.In the upper Ningxiang,“Di” is also the most frequently used structural auxiliary,the function is also the most diverse.It can be used as generic attribute tag,transfer marks,the attachment of adjective components,emphasis marks and nominalization marks.Part IV: The multi function usage of “A(?)” in the upper Ningxiang dialect.This chapter is a detailed record of the multiple usage of “A” in Ningxiang dialect.As a quantifier,“A” can represent the amount of individual,non-quantitative and the amount of species.Its meaning is equivalent to the special quantifiers which combinate the noun or to the universal quantifier “Zhi(?)”when “A” used as individual quantifiers.As a indicator pronoun,“A” do not distinguish between far or near,does not have a generation function,it must be combined with the nominal component constituting the structure “A+NP” in order to serve as a syntactic component in the sentence.“A+NP” can refers to the fixed,generic and non-means in the referential meaning.As a structural particle,it is mainly used as the attributive mark of affiliation,can also be used as the nominalization marks.Although the grammar function is relatively simple,but it is the most commonly used attributive mark of affiliation in Ningxiang dialect,the use of frequency is very high.Part: The function's comparison of “Ge,Di,A”.This chapter based on the description of the multi-function of “Ge,Di,A”,analysing and comparing their functions and found the similarities and differences in their similar functions.The differences of function between the quantifier function and the structure auxiliary are relatively small,and the difference of the function of the demonstrative is relatively large.Part?: Grammaticalization of “Ge,Di,A”.This chapter mainly through the phenomenon that a word with both quantifiers,demonstrative and structural auxiliary in other dialects,to discuss the grammaticalization chain of “quantifier?demonstrative?structural auxiliary” which exists between the three uses of “Ge,Di,A”,as well as the mechanism of grammaticalization.Part?: The Grammatical transition which reflected by “Ge,Di” of Ningxiang Dialect.This chapter mainly compares the usage of the similarity between Lou-Shao district and Chang-Yi district,to illustrate the transition characteristics of Ningxiang dialect not only have been reflected in the phonetic and vocabulary,but also exist in the grammar.Conclusion: This chapter summarizes the innovation and inadequacies of this study.