Geographical Research On The Dialect In The Areas Of Changsha To Ningxiang,Hunan Province

Based on the data investigated mostly by the author,this dissertation studies the dialect of Changsha to Ningxiang used in Hunan with geographical linguistic method.It includes the following six chapters.Chapter one aims to give a brief introduction about the research content of this paper, the research method and the research steps.It introduced the current situation of geography and language research of Changsha city,Wangcheng county and Ningxiang county.The Phonologieal system of Changsha dialect,Wangcheng dialect and Ningxiang dialect are also given here.Chapter two analyses of the corresponding relationship between the ancient four tones and the dialect.The ancient unvoiced characters with the level tone are now pronounced in the high and level tone. The ancient secondary voiced and voiced initial consonant characters with the level tone are now read in the rising tone. The ancient unvoiced initial consonants and the secondary voiced consonants with the falling tone are now given the falling-rising tone. Most of the ancient voiced initial consonant characters with the falling-rising tone now belong to the yang falling tone group and the ancient unvoiced initial consonant characters with the falling tone now belong to the yin falling tone group. Most of the ancient voiced initial consonant characters with the falling tone are now pronounced in the yang falling tone. Few of them are pronounced in the yin falling tone.As to the secondary voiced initial consonant characters with the falling tone, some are now read in the yang falling tone and some in the yin falling tone. The ancient characters with the entering tone are now read in the rising-falling tone. Among them, few of the secondary voiced and voiced characters with the entering tone are now pronounced in the yin falling tone. There are some particular characters that are pronounced in other tones.Chapter three based on the initial consonant of a Chinese syllable,discusses the difference between Changsha dialect,Wangcheng dialect and Ningxiang dialect,and then analyse the reasons.It is found that there is a relation between the geography of the surveying points and the number of features of the stratum of Xiang language that are reserved in the dialect. As the surveying points go west further, more features of the stratum of Xiang language have been shown in the initial consonants in the dialects at the surveying points. For example, the voiced characters with the entering tone reserve the aspirates and a set of blade-platal affricate initial consonants after the devoicing process.Chapter four based on the final sound,discusses the difference between Changsha dialect,Wangcheng dialect and Ningxiang dialect,and then analyse the reasons.It’s also found that as the surveying points move further west, the number of simple or compound vowels appearing in the dialects at the surveying points increases and the situation gets more complicated. There will be the raising of main vowels, an increasing number of nasalized simple or compound vowels and more mixed reading of the simple or compound vowels.Chapter fiver based on the phrase,discusses the difference between Changsha dialect 、Wangcheng dialect and Ningxiang dialect,and then analyse the reasons.As the surveying points go west, more lexical and grammatical features are shown in the dialects at the surveying points. For instance, there are more ways to call things like potato, snacks and pastries and appears the dialectism where bie is used to describe the closeness and the expression meizi is used to address a boy.Chapter six conclustion.According to the Synchronic distribution angle,analysing the calendar development of Changsha dialect,Wangcheng dialect and Ningxiang dialect.