The Research Of Spies Of Liao Dynasty And Song Dynasty

In the period of Liao Song,cishiren(spies)who engaged in intelligence activity reached a certain size,and became the important participants in the competition of Liao and Song Dynasty.Cishiren had various identities.Some were professional cishiren who trained by government agency,they carried out the action under the guise of identities of businessman,monks,national public servant;it was a duty for official of borderland and ambassadors to gather information;in order to acquire money and office,a part of people of borderland,bilateral governing people and Guiming people engaged in emissary activity.Depend on whether be an official,cishiren are classified into two ranks---the management and the executive.The management include officials of borderland and envoys who had a higher status.Though they were not really cishiren,they participated in intelligence activity.The rulers advocated the thought of “using the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying”,which reflected by choosing the management.Most of executive cishiren were civilian,and have a lower status.One section of them became wealthy people and officials,and they promoted the flows of social class from bottom to up.Compared to the management and the executive,the management’s fate has little fluctuation;on the contrary,the executive owned the setback fate,if they were successful,they will acquire farmland and money,or became officials,otherwise,their lives will be in danger,and even implicate some people.In the period of war,cishiren emphasis on military information;in the period of peace,they gathered all sorts of information from state affairs to folk custom.What they gathered include politics,military,economy,and culture.These border information has much effect.It affected some strategies of Liao Song,promoted the exchange between Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty,and influenced war and peace of Liao Song.In the late period of Liao Song,cishiren became the promoter to the alley between Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty,and then accelerated the downfall with Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty.